超高压技术在五味子饮料加工中的应用

为避免五味子饮料生产工艺中热对营养成分的破坏,促进超高压技术在饮料行业中的应用,该文提出应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料的新工艺,即原料有效成分的提取和饮料灭菌均采用超高压技术。应用均匀设计方法求得最优提取工艺,并在此基础上提出改进的实用工艺参数：压力为350 MPa、溶剂为60%乙醇、固液比为1∶50(w/v)。饮料超高压灭菌条件：压力为400 MPa、保压时间为5 min。超高压提取五味子总木脂素的得率为2.99%;经超高压灭菌的饮料符合GB2759-81规定。应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料不仅确保了质量,同时还提高了生产效率,减少了设备投资。     

呼伦贝尔草甸草原羊草群落不同退化程度土壤理化指标

文中对放牧干扰下不同退化程度呼伦贝尔草甸草原羊草群落土壤理化性质进行了研究。结果发现,土壤含水量、土壤全氮、土壤有机物、土壤速效氮随着退化程度的增加显著下降,而土壤容重、土壤(1-2mm)粗粒百分含量、土壤速效钾随着退化程度的增加而显著提高。土壤速效磷和pH值没有规律性变化。通过研究表明:土壤含水量、土壤容重、土壤(1-2mm)粒径粗粒、土壤有机物、全氮、速效氮和速效钾在不同退化程度之间都具有显著性差异,因此,这些指标可做为草甸草原羊草群落确定土壤退化程度的退化指标。     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性研究

头足类是最具开发潜力的渔业种群之一,然而其资源易受环境变化影响,复杂的交互作用致使二者空间关系呈现非均一性。中国枪乌贼 (Uroteuthis chinensis) 是南海北部近海重要的经济物种,且在渔业群落结构中占据优势种地位,故正确理解与掌握该物种资源-环境关系的空间特征,有助于该资源的保护与利用。基于南海北部近海2014年夏季的渔业资源调查数据,构建了地理权重回归模型 (Geographical weighted regression, GWR),探索该海域中国枪乌贼的资源分布与海洋环境关系的空间特征,阐述主要影响因子。模型评价指标结果表明,GWR的最小赤池信息准则 (Akaike Information Criterion, AIC) 和校正决定系数 (Adjusted R-Squared, Uroteuthis chinensis is an important economic species in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea, occuping a dominant position in the fishery community structure. Therefore, understanding the spatial characteristics of the resource-environment relationship is beneficial to its development, utilization and protection. Based on the fishery resources survey data in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea in summer of 2014, we established a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial characteristics of the relationship between the resource distribution of U. chinensis and the marine environment in this area, and to reveal the main influencing factors. The results of model evaluation indexes show that the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R-Square (相似文献   

两个地理种群蠋蝽的生物学特性差异比较

蠋蝽Arma chinensis Fallou是一种优良的捕食性天敌昆虫, 在多种农林害虫的生物防治中发挥着重要作用?为明确不同地理来源的蠋蝽种群的生物学特征, 指导蠋蝽的扩繁及在不同地区的释放应用, 本研究测定并比较了河北廊坊和贵州六盘水两个地区蠋蝽种群的表观形态?发育历期?成虫寿命和繁殖能力等生物学指标?结果表明, 贵州六盘水蠋蝽种群的体型显著大于河北廊坊种群; 河北廊坊蠋蝽种群的若虫期虽长于贵州六盘水种群, 但二者无显著差异; 河北廊坊种群配对饲养的雄虫和单雌饲养的雌虫其寿命显著长于贵州六盘水种群, 配对饲养的雌虫寿命两种群间无显著差异; 两个种群蠋蝽雌虫均在羽化后5~8 d进入产卵高峰期, 贵州六盘水种群的产卵前期较短, 且配对饲养条件下其单雌产卵量显著高于河北廊坊种群?     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Actinidia chinensis

It has been briefly studied and reported that Actinidia chinensis , one of economic woody plants, has been bred with the method of plant tissue culture. Aim at the shortage of traditional plant tissue culture ways which ignored the refinement and transplant of test-tube seedling, it strengthen the study to breeding and management of Actinidia chinensis seedlings before they grow up and become mature seedlings. Through our explore, the transplant survive rate of tissue-culture seedlings attain to about 85%.This study is the improvement to traditional breeding seedling means and it is helpful to the rapid propagation of those economic woody plants.     

硅酸盐对污染土壤铬、铅形态和小白菜吸收分布及其健康风险的影响

为保障蔬菜的品质安全,通过土壤盆裁试验,研究硅酸盐对Cr、Pb单一污染及Cr-Pb复合污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica chinensis)的生物量、土壤中Cr、Pb形态及小白菜体内Cr、Pb积累量的影响.结果表明,在受到较高水平的Cr～Pb污染时,小白菜对Pb的富集能力要明显高于Cr,被小白菜吸收的Cr、Pb都主要累积在根部.施用硅酸盐能通过减少土壤中有效态Cr、Pb的含量,从而减少小白菜对Cr、Pb的吸收,且施用效果明显,其中2.0 g/kg效果最好,但该处理严重抑制小白菜生长,不适于生产应用.而Si_1处理(1.00 g/kg)能在不影响产量的前提下极显著地降低小白菜茎中Cr、Pb的质量分数,并使叶中Pb的质量分数降至国家标准限量值附近或低于限量值,因此该处理在生产上极具应用前景.     

石灰、活性炭对镉污染土壤的修复效果研究

通过模拟铬(Cr,0～300 mg kg-1)污染土壤盆栽试验,研究石灰、活性炭及石灰+活性炭对铬胁迫下小白菜生长状况的影响及对铬污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明:受铬污染的土壤明显使小白菜受到毒害,但经石灰(L1、L2)、活性炭(C2、C3)及石灰+活性炭(L1C1、L2C2)处理均缓解了重金属的毒害症状,显著促进小白菜的生长,生物量较对照提高1～2倍(p<0.05)。3种改良剂相比,在相同Cr浓度处理下,活性炭对降低污染土壤中有效态铬的效果最好,与CK相比,有效态铬的含量降低至0.086 mg kg-1,降幅达77.36%。相关分析表明:小白菜叶部铬含量和根部铬含量与土壤有效态铬含量表现出显著的正相关(p<0.01),土壤pH与土壤有效态铬含量之间呈负相关(p<0.05),所以在铬污染的土壤中,可以提高土壤的pH,以减小土壤铬的植物有效性,使其向植物迁移的风险减小。     

木霉菌M2的鉴定及其对小白菜促生效果研究

以一株分离自健康、高产辣椒根际土壤的木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.)M2为供试菌株,研究其对小白菜生长发育的影响并在形态学分类的基础上结合r DNA-ITS序列分析的手段,对木霉菌M2进行分类鉴定,以期为微生物肥料的开发提供优良菌种。将木霉菌M2进行固体发酵制得孢子粉,研究其在温室条件下是否对小白菜的生长具有促生能力。结果表明:菌株M2属于哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum);在温室盆栽试验中,土壤接种M2孢子粉对小白菜具有不同程度的增产作用,且能够提高叶绿素含量、可食用叶片数,其中接种5.0×10~9cfu的M2孢子粉处理的鲜重、干重最高,比对照组分别增加30.26%、20.08%;接种5.0×10~8cfu的M2孢子粉处理鲜重、干重较对照组分别增加18.33%、12.46%。这说明哈茨木霉M2菌株对小白菜的增产效果明显,具有潜在的农业应用价值。