臭氧和负离子对镰刀菌M4 抑制作用及其机理的初步研究

为了探究臭氧和负离子对莲藕采后主要腐败菌一镰刀茵M4的生长及细胞壁、细胞膜的影响,本试验对处于稳定期的镰刀菌M4分别进行不同条件的臭氧和负离子处理,通过测定抑菌率、细胞壁和细胞膜通透性初步研究臭氧和负离子对镰刀菌M4的抑制作用及其机理。结果显示,臭氧、负离子对镰刀菌M4均有较强的抑制作用,抑菌率与处理时间成正相关：臭氧和负离子之间具有协同作用;臭氧＋负离子处理对镰刀茵M4的细胞壁和细胞膜均有显著的破坏作用,破坏程度随处理时间的延长而增加;处理前期主要是电解质的渗出,处理2h及以上时核酸和蛋白质等大分子物质开始渗出。     

阴离子交换树脂对米糠植酸的吸附解吸性能

通过静态和动态试验研究了6种阴离子交换树脂对植酸的吸附与解吸性能.结果表明,D201树脂对植酸的吸附交换作用较好,且在pH值为2.2时吸附能力最强,静态吸附量达到94.54 mg/g,1.5 mol/L的NaOH溶液利于植酸解吸;Freundlich吸附等温方程可以较好地描述D201树脂对植酸的等温吸附,表明吸附在常温下进行即可;D201树脂对植酸的吸附过程符合Lagergren一级速率方程,表观吸附速率常数k与植酸起始植酸浓度呈负相关关系,与温度呈正相关关系.在D201树脂对植酸的动态吸附与解吸过程中,层析柱管径、上样液浓度、上样液流速和洗脱剂流速对吸附与解吸效果影响较大.     

阴离子树脂负载的ZnS固相光催化剂的制备及活性的研究

本文以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为锌源,Na2S为硫源,采用强碱性阴离子交换树脂法制备了阴离子树脂负载的ZnS固相光催化剂,就Zn2+进入树脂孔道内形成ZnS纳米粒子进行了XRD表征,对影响光催化反应的pH、温度和催化剂的稳定性等因素进行了探讨,并以紫外灯为光源,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了该固相光催化剂的光催化活性。     

住宅区绿化与空气质量关系的研究

采用日本评价环境空气质量常用指标———空气质量评价指数评定住宅区不同绿化环境下的空气质量 ,其空气质量评价指数依次为 :绿化结构层三层 >双层 >单层 ;乔灌结合型 >乔草结合型 >灌草结合型 ;单层乔木型 >单层灌木型 >单层草被型     

不同阴离子化肥对设施土壤理化性状的影响研究

试验研究了不同阴离子化肥对设施土壤理化性状的影响结果表明 ,与对照相比 ,NO3 -、SO42 -和Cl-阴离子化肥均使土壤电导率升高 ,pH值降低 ,且施肥水平越高而升 (或降低 )幅越大 ,对土壤的影响为Cl->SO42 ->NO3 -。含Cl-化肥有利于土壤中速效氮、磷、钾积累 ,SO42 -降低土壤N素有效性 ,速效铁含量随施肥量的增加而升高 ,化肥阴离子种类及施肥量对土壤速效锰的影响则较小     

阴离子对可变电荷土壤吸附铜离子的影响机理

根据NO-3、Cl-和SO24-对可变电荷土壤和恒电荷土壤吸附Cu2+的影响的比较,探讨了阴离子对可变电荷土壤吸附Cu2+的影响机理。结果表明,当3种阴离子的浓度相同时,在SO24-体系中铁质砖红壤对Cu2+的吸附率较在NO3-和Cl-体系中大得多,而在浓度相同的3种阴离子体系中,黄棕壤对Cu2+的吸附率相差不大。在离子强度相近的NaCl体系中,砖红壤对Cu2+的吸附率相近。在3种阴离子体系中,随着pH升高,砖红壤对Cu2+的吸附率均增大;但在NO-3体系和Cl-体系中Cu2+的吸附率相近;而在SO24-体系中Cu2+的吸附率最大。随着Na2SO4浓度的增大,铁质砖红壤和砖红壤对Cu2+的吸附率减小。但在0.005 mol L-1和0.05 mol L-1Na2SO4体系中,Cu2+的吸附率大于在不含Na2SO4的体系中者。而在0.5 mol L-1Na2SO4体系中,Cu2+吸附率小于在不含Na2SO4体系中者。在3种浓度的Na2SO4体系中,黄棕壤对Cu2+的吸附率均小于在不含Na2SO4体系中者。总之,阴离子可通过离子强度、专性吸附和形成离子对影响土壤对Cu2+的吸附。在可变电荷土壤中,阴离子对Cu2+吸附的影响机理较在恒电荷土壤中复杂得多。     

On the mechanism of specific phosphate adsorption by hydroxylated mineral surfaces: A review

Abstract

The mechanism of specific phosphate adsorption by hydroxy‐lated mineral surfaces comprises two aspects: the phosphate‐hydroxyl surface reaction and the configuration of the adsorbed phosphate ion. Evidence pointing to ligand exchange as the mechanism of the phosphate‐surface hydroxyl reaction include kinetics of adsorption and desorption; hydroxyl ion release; infrared spectroscopy, and stereochemical calculations. Data pertaining to the coordination of adsorbed phosphate on hydroxy‐lated mineral surfaces have not been conclusive overall. Isotopic exchange experiments and studies of desorption kinetics do not provide definitive information on surface coordination. Measurements of hydroxyl ion release and crystallographic calculations provide support for the existence of both monodentate and bidentate surface complexes of phosphate ions. Infrared spectroscopic investigations suggest a binuclear complex on dried, phosphated goethite. However, these studies cannot be extrapolated automatically to soil minerals, since the addition of water favors formation of a monodentate surface complex. Further research is needed to establish the configuration of adsorbed phosphate ions.     

离子色谱法测定环境水样中无机阴离子

[目的]分析测定饮用水、地表水、降水、污水等水样中的F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、PO43-、SO32-、SO42-8种无机阴离子含量。[方法]利用离子色谱法测定环境水样中的阴离子含量,以6.0 mmol/L Na2CO3和5.0 mmol/L NaHCO3为淋洗液,用IonPac AS14A（250mm×4 mm）阴离子分离柱、ASRS ULTRAII（4 mm）阴离子抑制器,一次进样25μl,能在17 min内完成分析。[结果]环境水样中检测到F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-6种阴离子,未检测到Br-、SO32-;8种阴离子的检出限为6.3~28.3μg/L,加标回收率为90.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差均小于4%。[结论]该方法简便、快速、准确度高、前处理简单,能够满足环境水样中阴离子的分析要求。     

卷烟主流烟气中单糖成分的分析研究

采用高效阴离子色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中单糖成份进行分析。用超声萃取卷烟烟气总粒相物,超滤后,以高效阴离子色谱法进行分离,采用2．0mmol／LNaOH和0．5mm01／LNaAc的混合水溶液淋洗,在METROSEPCarbl250分离柱（4．6×250mm,5μm）柱上检测单糖成分,检测出卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中含有果糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、木糖等6种单糖,其中半乳糖成分的检出在可查的文献未见报道,组分分离较完全,定性灵敏度高。此方法能同时对卷烟烟气中多种单糖成分进行定性、定量分析,为判断卷烟的感官品质提供了有效途径。     

Experimental determination of net protein charge and A(tot) and K(a) of nonvolatile buffers in canine plasma

Acid-base abnormalities frequently are present in sick dogs. The mechanism for an acid-base disturbance can be determined with the simplified strong ion approach, which requires accurate values for the total concentration of plasma nonvolatile buffers (A(tot)) and the effective dissociation constant for plasma weak acids (K(a)). The aims of this study were to experimentally determine A(tot) and K(a) values for canine plasma. Plasma was harvested from 10 healthy dogs; the concentrations of quantitatively important strong ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, L-lactate) and nonvolatile buffer ions (total protein, albumin, phosphate) were determined; and the plasma was tonometered with CO2 at 37 degrees C. Strong ion difference (SID) was calculated from the measured strong ion concentrations, and nonlinear regression was used to estimate values for A(tot) and K(a), which were validated with data from an in vitro and in vivo study. Mean (+/- SD) values for canine plasma were A(tot) = (17.4 +/- 8.6) mM (equivalent to 0.273 mmol/g of total protein or 0.469 mmol/g of albumin); K(a) = (0.17 +/- 0.11) x 10(-7); pK(a) = 7.77. The calculated SID for normal canine plasma (pH = 7.40; P(CO2) = 37 mm Hg; [total protein] = 64 g/L) was 27 mEq/L. The net protein charge for normal canine plasma was 0.25 mEq/g of total protein or 0.42 mEq/g of albumin. Application of the experimentally determined values for A(tot), K(a), and net protein charge should improve understanding of the mechanism for complex acid-base disturbances in dogs.