Calliandra calothyrsus as a Supplement for Milk Production in the Kenya Highlands

Two on-farm experiments and one on-station observation were conducted between July 1994 and September 1995 to study the effect of supplementation with fresh fodder of Calliandra calothyrsus on milk production from grade Friesian and Ayrshire cows in the second trimester of their lactations. The cattle were kept under zero-grazing systems on small farms in the coffee-based land use system at altitudes of 1500 to 1800 m on the slopes of Mt Kenya. These cows form a pivotal part of the farming system since they produce both milk for sale and manure for crop production. Milk production is normally in the region of 10 kg/cow per day when the animals are fed on a diet based on Napier grass and crop residues, together with 2–4 kg/day of commercial concentrate. In terms of milk production, 3 kg of fresh calliandra had the same effect on yield as 1 kg of additional dairy meal and, at normal production levels, the effects of the two supplements were strictly additive. Calliandra had a marked positive effect (about a 10% increase) on the butterfat content of the milk, a factor that was highly valued by farmers, even though institutional buyers as yet offer no premium price for milk quality. The average small farm can produce enough calliandra fodder to supplement two dairy cows and some additional small stock from relatively underutilized niches along the farm perimeter and terrace risers, without any adverse effect on current levels of crop production.     

根域限制栽培对主干形‘圆梦’桃生长和果实品质的影响

根域限制栽培具有控制树冠、促进果树成花的优点,适宜在主干形整枝的密植果园中应用,但不同品种桃表现不同。‘圆梦’桃是由‘湖景蜜露’和‘白丽’杂交而来的中晚熟新品种,为明确‘圆梦’用作南方密植品种的适用性,以浙江省桃主栽品种‘湖景蜜露’为对照品种,对其营养生长、成花量和果实品质进行了研究,结果表明根域限制栽培的‘圆梦’树体营养生长和枝条成花量与‘湖景蜜露’基本一致,且果型大小、糖度、色泽更优。     

基于决策树的高寒湿地类型遥感分类方法研究

以索加-曲麻河区域为例,探讨了三江源区域高寒湿地遥感分类方法。利用TM 影像数据和DEM及缨帽变换后的亮度、绿度、湿度,以及归一化水体指数(NDWI)等复合识别指标,构建决策树模型,对研究区不同地类进行区分。然后通过与传统的最大似然法监督分类所得到的结果进行对比,结果表明:利用基于指数的决策树分类方法对高寒湿地类型进行分类,较传统的最大似然法监督分类总体精度提高12.05%;总体kappa系数提高0.140 7; 对于河流、湖泊、沼泽、滩地等湿地类型,生产者精度和用户精度分别提高了6.06%, 6.25%; 0.12%, 3.13%; 6.99%, 25.00%;6.12%, 28.13%, 比监督分类均有明显的提高。证明基于指数的决策树分类方法是高寒区域湿地遥感分类的一种有效手段。     

夏季不同修剪方法对梨树生长的影响

研究了夏季不同修剪方法对梨树生长的影响,结果表明:(1)夏季不同修剪方法对树高、干高和干周的生长有一定影响,但差异不显著;(2)与对照树体相比,春梢短截(1/4)处理树体营养生长得到缓和,二次梢生长总量最大。(3)春梢短截(1/3)处理下,春梢与主干之间的角度越小和春梢在母枝上的位置越靠上部,二次梢的发生量和生长量越大。     

混合动力林木联合采伐机底盘动力系统设计

为了改善采伐机的动力系统,以庞塞FOX采伐机为设计蓝本,结合串联式混合动力系统,确立了混合动力林木联合采伐机底盘动力系统的设计参数;利用动力学计算混合动力系统的动力元件参数,根据参数对动力元件进行选型;借助AVL Cruise软件建立动力系统的模型,并仿真分析,对比混合动力林木联合采伐机动力系统和传统动力系统的行驶性能,得到混合动力系统,提高了采伐机的最大速度,减小了加速时间;表明利用混合动力系统能很好的改善林木联合采伐机的动力性。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。     

Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm² and 4330 N/mm², respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm²) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.     

天津市大港地区枣粮间作丰产栽培技术

通过研究、分析,总结出大港地区枣粮间作模式和丰产栽培的技术要点。丰产栽培技术包括枣粮的肥水管理、保花保果技术、合理修剪和病虫害防治方法等。栽培模式可分为以枣为主、以粮为辅的间作模式;以粮为主、以枣为辅的间作模式;粮枣兼顾的模式。３种间作模式枣树栽植密度不同,但枣树定干高度应在１～１．４ｍ,树高度应控制在５～６ｍ为宜。     

苹果幼树死亡诱因、诊断与防控

对矮砧苹果新植苗木和2~5年生幼树死亡的原因进行研究,表明苗木失水与轮纹病菌协同危害是主要原因;冻害、根部与主干病害、肥害及苗木质量差是重要原因。生产上及时发现问题,根据不同症状,进行准确的病因诊断,有针对性地采用不同的防控措施:培育不潜带轮纹病菌的苗木;苗木贮运、栽植和管理过程防止失水;栽植前用杀菌剂铲除部分病菌;防止冻害;2~5年生幼树合理肥水管理;防止贪绿徒长;有效地预防根部和枝干病虫害发生。     

枯草芽孢杆菌新抗病基因aiiA的克隆

枯草芽孢杆菌内生亚种BS-1aiiA基因测序结果表明,该基因(GenBank登录号DQ000640)由753个碱基组成,其编码的蛋白质含有250个氨基酸残基,与10个已报道的具有减弱欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种致病力的AiiA蛋白酶氨基酸序列总的相似性为82%.它们均含有相同的氨基酸序列保守区.Signal P分析结果显示,BS-1 AiiA没有信号肽序列,并利用Swiss-model预测、分析了BS-1 AiiA蛋白的三维结构.