胡瓜钝绥螨对柑桔红蜘蛛的控制作用

胡瓜钝绥螨作为一种活体天敌,具备了活体天敌控害的一般规律。研究结果表明,在按一定益害比释放胡瓜钝绥螨的桔园,柑桔红蜘蛛一般出现“无峰型“、“双峰型“和“单峰型“的消长规律。出现柑桔红蜘蛛高峰期,主要是在释放胡瓜钝绥螨后的种群建立期间和越夏后。胡瓜钝绥螨对绣壁虱控制作用不稳定。     

水稻纹枯病菌分离,培养及人工接种技术研究报告

利用０．１％盐酸升汞液消毒１．５ｍｉｎ或用３．７５％次氯酸钠消毒７ｓ，可以在越冬病标样上分离到纹枯病菌丝。利用无菌水漂洗菌核再加培养也可以分离到纹枯病菌丝。土壤中纹枯病菌丝可用打孔试管埋管法分离。病菌扩繁以小米培养基为好。对稻株接种可以将接种物直接置于叶鞘深处，不必保湿。     

Geographic distribution of insect resistance in potatoes

Potato germplasm accessions representing 92 Solanum species and associated with known coordinates of latitude, longitude, and elevation were rated for resistance to one or more of the following potato insect pests: green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris); and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in Minnesota field trials (1966–1986). Chi-square tests were used to determine if the proportion of resistant accessions differed from expected among altitude classes, small geographic quadrants (4° latitude by 4° longitude), and larger geographic regions (Mexico-USA, Colombia-Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina). Resistant potatoes were not evenly distributed throughout North and South America. Fourteen quadrants were identified that had greater or fewer resistant accessions than expected. The Mexico-USA potatoes as a group had more resistance than expected to all insects except Colorado potato beetle. Potatoes from Colombia and Ecuador were less resistant than expected to all but green peach aphid. Potatoes from Peru were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid. Potatoes from Bolivia were less resistant than expected to potato aphid, but more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Potatoes from Argentina were more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle and green peach aphid, but less resistant than expected to potato aphid and potato leafhopper. Potatoes from North America and collected at or below 2,500 m were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid, Colorado potato beetle and potato flea beetle. Potatoes from South America and elevations greater than 3,000 m were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid and potato aphid and those collected at or below 3,000 m were more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle and potato leafhopper.     

拟长毛钝绥螨交配行为及生殖研究

在实验室内观察了拟长毛钝绥螨的交配行为及生殖,其交配行为模式符合“钝绥螨－盲走螨类型”;性信息素在其支配前行为中起的作用较小,一次完全文配的平均时间为１８３分钟;交配一次,主要使一侧的受精囊受精;不同的支配时间导致受精囊的充满度发生变化;一次交配的产卵量、产卵历期随交配时间的延长而增加和延长;一次完全交配的卵量只及自然交配下卵量的一半左右;后代雌雄性比随交配时间延长而增大,１２０分钟后稍有下降。     

用数值反应和实验种群生命表分析胡瓜钝绥螨的控制能力

本文用数值反应、实验种群生命表参数分析胡瓜钝绥螨对柑橘全爪螨的控制能力。研究结果表明:(1)在21～31℃范围和1～9猎物密度条件下,随着温度升高胡瓜钝绥螨的捕食量增大。在同一温度条件下随着猎物密度增加捕食量增大,均呈正相关关系;(2)在益∶害=1∶30比例中胡瓜钝绥螨对柑橘全爪螨控制慢,而在5∶30～9∶30范围内第4、5天就能完全控制柑橘全爪螨的种群增长;(3)在25±1℃、RH 80%～85%、15L:9D条件下柑橘全爪螨净增殖率R0=34.0053,高于胡瓜钝绥螨(R0=21.8750),内禀增长率rm=0.1814,低于胡瓜钝绥螨(rm=0.1826),世代平均周期T=19.436,明显长于胡瓜钝绥螨(T=16.1943),周限增长率λ=1.1989,低于胡瓜钝绥螨(λ=1.2004),种群倍增时间t=3.8204,高于胡瓜钝绥螨(t=3.7954)。研究结果表明,胡瓜钝绥螨具备优良天敌的特性,在柑橘全爪螨处于低密度时能有效地控制柑橘全爪螨种群增长。     

东方钝绥螨与津川钝绥螨对烟粉虱卵及1龄若虫的功能反应比较

烟粉虱是农作物、瓜果蔬菜以及观赏植物上的重要害虫,往往发生重、防治难。采用天敌防治针对性强且无毒无害,植绥螨作为防治烟粉虱较好的捕食性天敌,国际商品化程度高,但引进存在风险,希望发掘我国本土防治烟粉虱植绥螨优势种。在试验中发现,本地植绥螨优势种津川钝绥螨和东方钝绥螨对烟粉虱的卵及1龄若虫都具有一定捕食作用,为评价其捕食能力,本文研究了两者雌、雄成螨对烟粉虱的功能反应。结果表明,两种螨对烟粉虱的功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型。津川钝绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵及1龄若虫的理论最大捕食量分别为19.6粒/d、10.7头/d,分别高于东方钝绥螨雌成螨53.5%、2.6%;其雄成螨对烟粉虱卵的理论最大捕食量为3.6粒/d,对烟粉虱1龄若虫几乎不取食,东方钝绥螨雄成螨的理论最大捕食量分别为3.3粒/d、4.3头/d。总体来说,津川钝绥螨比东方钝绥螨具有更强的捕食能力,有较好的应用前景。     

真桑钝绥螨捕食朱砂叶螨的实验种群生命表及捕食作用

为评价真桑钝绥螨Amblyseius makuwa Ehara防治害螨的可能性,本试验在(25±1)℃、RH 80%±5%、光周期16L:8D的条件下,组建了真桑钝绥螨以朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduv为食的实验种群生命表,研究了真桑钝绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨卵、若螨和雌成螨的捕食作用。结果表明,真桑钝绥螨以朱砂叶螨为食,未成熟期发育历期分别为卵期1.90 d,幼螨期0.62 d,前若螨期0.82 d,后若螨期1.26 d。试验条件下真桑钝绥螨净增殖率为11.80,内禀增长率为0.175,世代平均周期为14.12 d,周限增长率为1.191,种群倍增时间为3.96 d,雌成螨日均产卵量为1.22粒,平均总产卵量为22.12粒。真桑钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨3个螨态的捕食功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型圆盘方程,拟合圆盘方程显示真桑钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨卵的捕食数量最大,其次为若螨和雌成螨,a/Th值分别为12.5162、5.8730和4.4009。综上研究结果,真桑钝绥螨具备优良天敌的基本特性,是朱砂叶螨的潜在天敌之一。     

Investigation of Optimal Charcoal Concentration for Heterokaryon Formation of Rhizoctonia solani

Optimal charcoal concentrations were examined for tuff formation of SBIs （single-basidiospore isolates） obtained from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IC, AG-2-2 IV and AG-2-3, and SPIs （single-protoplast isolates） from AG-1 IA by using PDCA with different charcoal concentrations. The best charcoal concentration for SBIs from AG-1 IC was 0.5%, from AG-2-3 was 1%, and from AG-2-2 IV was 2%. The optimal concentration was 0% for SPIs from AG-1 IA. The optimal charcoal concentrations used for tuff formation between SBIs and between SPIs are quite varied, depending on the different AGs. The results of AFLP haplotypes suggest that tuff isolates formed between SBIs/SPIs are heterokaryon.     

温度对伪钝绥螨实验种群的影响

本文研究了5个不同恒温条件下伪钝绥螨取食二斑叶螨时的发育和繁殖情况,并对该实验种群的生命参数进行了分析。结果表明,在19~31℃范围内,伪钝绥螨各螨态和整个未成熟期的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率随温度的升高而加快;运用直线回归法计算出了伪钝绥螨各螨态的发育起点温度及有效积温。伪钝绥螨产卵期在22℃时最长,在31℃时最短;日均卵量随温度的升高而增大。伪钝绥螨净增殖率Ro在28℃时最高(60.256),在19℃时最低(4.174);内禀增长率rm和周限增长率λ皆是在31℃时最高,在19℃时最低;31℃时种群加倍时间t最短(2.79 d),19℃时最长(15.868 d)。