鳜属5种鱼类微卫星遗传多样性分析

利用8对已发表的翘嘴鳜微卫星引物,对5种鳜属鱼类翘嘴鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、波纹鳜和暗鳜共147个个体进行跨种扩增和遗传多样性的研究。结果发现,8个微卫星标记除位点HW8在波纹鳜中无多态性外,其他位点在5种鳜属鱼类中都具有较高的多态性。每个位点等位基因数为4~8个不等,平均等位基因数为6.13;在5个物种中分析的平均有效等位基因数为3.58,平均观测和期望杂合度分别为0.75和0.59,平均多态性信息含量0.51,为高度多态,表明鳜属鱼类物种的遗传多样性比较丰富。采用Nei’s遗传距离和遗传相似性系数分析5种鳜属鱼类系统发育关系,并构建UPGMA聚类图,结果显示翘嘴鳜和大眼鳜、斑鳜和波纹鳜分别有较近的亲缘关系,斑鳜和暗鳜亲缘关系最远。     

周口地区大叶黄杨白粉病菌的鉴定和进化分析

对周口地区的大叶黄杨白粉病菌进行了显微形态、核糖体DNA转录间隔区(ITS)及进化树分析。结果表明:在扫描电子显微镜下病菌分生孢子呈圆柱形或椭圆形,无支链;ITS序列与来自日本和阿根廷的Erysipheeuonymi-japonici的ITS序列聚在一个进化枝上。表明来自河南周口地区的白粉病属于E.euonymi-japonici,与日本和阿根廷的E.euonymi-japonici亲缘关系最近。     

Linkage of downy mildew resistance genes Pd 1 and Pd 2from Allium roylei Stearn in progeny of its interspecific hybrid with onion (A. cepa L.)

Summary Male meiosis of the interspecific hybrid between Allium roylei and A. cepa is undisturbed relative to its parents. Based on meiotic data, A. roylei is concluded to be a closer relative of A. cepa than A. fistulosum. Segregation ratios for downy mildew resistance among BC₁ and F₂ progenies from the F₁ between A. roylei and A. cepa indicate the presence of two dominantly inherited, weakly linked nuclear resistance genes, Pd ₁ and Pd ₂, in A. roylei (recombination frequency 0.32±0.03). Presumably Pd ₁ and Pd ₂are the first genes described in Allium residing in one linkage group. The prospects of exploiting A. roylei in onion breeding seem very promising.     

人地协同视角下的成都平原统筹城乡土地利用战略研究

基于人地协同视角,运用系统分析方法,诊断成都平原城乡统筹进程中的土地利用问题,提出区域土地利用战略框架。结果表明:成都平原人地关系整体上不协同,人地"剪刀差"负效应有扩大趋势、土地利用总体较粗放、土地利用规划与相关规划缺乏有效衔接、部分地域功能模糊、农村生境问题突出和非农就业不畅等,都是区域城乡统筹进程中人地关系协同发展的制约因素。基于此,应通过统筹区域土地利用战略、农村土地节约集约利用战略、农村土地生态整治修复战略和农村土地制度创新战略,构建统筹城乡土地利用战略体系,促进成都平原人地关系协同有序发展。     

Analysis of the Genetic Relationships in Chinese Ziziphus with SRAP Markers

The phylogenic and genetic relationships in germplasm resources of Chinese Ziziphus were studied at molecular levels, for providing new molecular evidences of classification, protection, and utilization of germplasm resources of Ziziphus. The sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） was assessed to analyse the genetic relationships among 14 species of Ziziphus, 11 cultivars of Z. jujuba Mill., and one outgroup. A total of 580 DNA bands were amplified by 19 selective primers, 570 of which （98.28%） were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 30. The genetic similarities of 26 sample materials were between 0.22 and 0.99. UPGMA method cluster analysis showed that 26 sample materials were classified into six cluster groups with the genetic similarity of 0.28. The results showed that SRAP technique is efficient in studying genetic relationships among Ziziphus, Z. jujuba Mill. and Z. acidojujuba C. Y. Cheng et M. J. Liu which should be treated as one species, and further infraspecific classification of Z. jujuba Mill. should be classified into two subspecies; the scientific names of new taxa, Chinese jujube, and wild jujube were Ziziphus jujuba Mill. subsp, jujuba and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. subsp, spinosa （Bunge） J. Y. Peng, X. Y. Li et L. Li, respectively. Z. xiangchengensis Y. L.Chen et P. K. Chou, Z. montana W.W. Smith and Z. mairei Dode might be originated from same ancestry. Z xiangchengensis Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou and Z. montana W.W. Smith should be treated as one species. The infrasubspecific taxon of Z. jujuba Mill. was not suitable to set up varieties.     

中外白糖期现货价格波动及共生关系研究

构建GARCH模型,揭示糖11期指、郑糖期指和柳糖现指的波动规律及共生关系。估计结果表明:三种指数均具有尖峰厚尾特征;糖11期指和郑糖期指均存在杠杆效应;国内郑糖期指和柳糖现指表现出明显的共生关系,中外白糖指数之间的共生关系不明显。     

应用AFLP标记分析枣品种亲缘关系

从分子水平研究宁夏红枣品种系统发育和亲缘关系,为宁夏枣种质资源的保护和利用提供科学依据。利用AFLP标记方法对原产宁夏地区7个枣品种和6个从区外引种的枣品种基因组DNA进行分析。筛选出的5对AFLP引物组合对13个供试材料共扩增出351条DNA带,其中301条为多态带(占85.75%),平均每个引物扩增多态性带70条。13个材料间的遗传相似系数为0.376～0.957。UPGMA聚类表明,13个材料在相似系数0.85处被划分为5个类。宁夏地域相对狭小,品种交流频繁,从而造成该产区枣品种间亲缘关系较近,演化关系复杂。枣虽然品种资源丰富、分布范围广泛,但遗传多样性相对较小。     

海岛棉与瑟伯氏棉、辣根棉、裂片棉、松散棉的杂种F_1细胞学研究

本文报道了海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense,(AD)_2)、与瑟伯氏棉(C.thurberi,D_1)、辣根棉(G.armourianum,D_(2-1))、裂片棉(C.lobatum,D_7)和松散棉(C.laxum,D_8)等4个D染色体组的杂种三倍体F_1主要形态遗传变异及其花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对的研究结果。这4个种间杂种F_1,有的表型象海岛棉,有的象野生二倍体棉,有的表现为中间型。每细胞染色体平均构型依次为:12.83Ⅱ+13.27Ⅰ+0.024Ⅲ;12.10Ⅱ+14.84Ⅰ;12.44Ⅱ+14.24Ⅰ+0.02Ⅲ和12.70Ⅱ+13.40Ⅰ+0.025Ⅲ+0.033Ⅳ;完全配对成13Ⅱ和13Ⅰ的细胞,其比例分别为60.3％、19.9％、42.2％和45.9％。这表明:在这4个D染色体组棉种中,以瑟伯氏棉与海岛棉的关系最为密切,其次为松散棉、裂片棉,而辣根棉的关系最远。本文还讨论了这4个D染色体组种与海岛棉的亲缘关系。     

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) occurring in Korean coastal waters

ABSTRACT:   Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by Alexandrium isolates from Korea were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromography. Species designation of the regional isolates was determined by morphological criteria and ribotyping inferred from sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region. Toxin analysis performed at the exponential growth phase, revealed that the two strains of A. fraterculus were non-toxic, while the strains of A. tamarense and A. catenella were toxic. Toxic isolates DPC7 and DPC8 of A. catenella produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dcGTX2, 3, C1, 2, neoSTX and STX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3 and C4, while isolates UL7, KDW981, SJW97043, SJW97046, KJC97111 and KJC97112 of A. tamarense produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, dcGTX3, C1, 2, neoSTX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3, 4, dcSTX and STX, and no GTX5 and dcGTX2. The major toxins produced by A. catenella were C1 +2, and those of A. tamarense were C1 +2 and GTX4 in most of the isolates. A. tamarense strains other than SJW97046 produced a relatively high proportion of carbamate toxins, reflecting the high toxicity scores of shellfish intoxication in sampled coastal areas. Two representative toxic isolates, A. tamarense SJW97043 and A. catenella DPC7, were cultured for 30 days in batch mode and subjected to toxin analysis at 5-day intervals. Comparison of toxin productivity in terms of total toxin content, toxin components, and their variations with culture age revealed marked differences between the two strains.     

Genetic diversity in Cynara cardunculus revealed by AFLP markers: comparison between cultivars and wild types from Sicily*

Genetic diversity in 49 plants of 16 accessions representing one wild and two cultivated taxa of Cynara cardunculus L. (wild cardoon, cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. Four pairs of primers identified a total of 264 scorable loci, 196 of which were polymorphic. The number of markers scored per primer combination ranged from 41 to 107, with an average of 66 markers per primer combination. All the primer combinations detected polymorphism. The data were used for cluster analysis and AMOVA. The clusters obtained are in agreement with the current botanical classification and the differences among the taxa were substantial. The eco‐geographical groups within wild cardoon are clearly separated in relative subclusters, and reflect the geography of the collection areas. The six clones of the four cultivated artichoke varieties were clearly separated into four subclusters, corresponding to the current classification which is based on morphological traits. The results obtained may have a direct and important bearing on plant genetic resource conservation and management and on breeding.