不同山羊草细胞质效应的比较研究

以 2 4种不同山羊草细胞质的稳定同核异质杂种为材料 ,进行了植株生长特性、病害抗性、抗低温能力、光合特性、主要农艺性状、自交育性和种子蛋白质含量等方面的比较研究。同时 ,还分析了异源细胞质效应的遗传特点 ,指出了生产上有应用价值的细胞质材料     

外源钙对盐胁迫下芸薹属植物幼苗的生理效应

本文研究了外源钙对盐胁迫下“禹氏三角关系” 中3个芸薹属多倍体物种（Brassica. carinata、B.juncea 和B. napus）和3个祖先二倍体物种（B. nigra、B. oleracea 和B. rapa）幼苗中叶绿素含量、MDA、SOD、 POD 和CAT活性的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫7 d后,加入外源钙,与对照相比,可显著提高叶绿素含量,降低MDA含量,提高SOD、POD及CAT的活性,表明外源钙可明显降低芸薹属植物的盐胁迫效应。此外,在盐胁迫下,使用外源钙后产生的各生理效应差异主要受物种本身的影响,然后是钙处理,而物种-钙处理间的交互作用则很小。通过各物种间生理指标的比较分析后发现,多倍体复合种的耐盐性比其祖先二倍体亲本强,但在对钙的敏感程度及作用效果上,则是后者强于前者。     

猪H-FABP基因内含子1的遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

[目的]为H-FABP基因运用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择提供基础资料。[方法]应用PCR-SSCP方法分析H-FABP基因在山西白猪、马身猪、大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪5个猪种的多态性,并研究基因型与肌内脂肪含量的相关性。[结果]在猪H-FABP基因内含子1扩增的片段上发现了一个多态性,检测到2个等位基因（A、B）,3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,并对纯合子进行测序,发现SSCP的变异是由碱基C→T的替换造成的。基因型在不同猪种分布的多重比较表明,马身猪与山西白猪、长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪间基因型分布差异极显著（P〈0.01）,其他纯种猪群间基因型分布差异不显著（P〉0.05）。固定效应模型分析表明,肌内脂肪含量基因型间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。最小二乘分析表明,BB基因型个体与AA基因型个体比较肌内脂肪含量的差异显著（P〈0.05）。[结论]H-FABP基因对猪肉品质存在一定的影响。     

增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨 Ⅰ.增产菌对甜菜根叶生长、叶绿素含量、光合及蒸腾的效应

在田间栽培条件下研究了增产菌对甜菜的生理效应,研究表明:在不同生育期增产菌均能促进甜菜的根叶生长,并能减少叶片的气孔阻力,促进甜菜的光合作用,改善光合产物的分配以及提高甜菜的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。     

Duration of load effects of solid wood: A review of methods and models

Abstract

Test methods for studying the effect of long-term loading on the load-carrying capacity of structural wood are discussed. The impact of sampling procedures on test results is investigated and is exemplified. It is concluded from this investigation that the sampling method has a significant impact on the test results. A number of mathematical models for estimation of the effect of load duration are also presented and brief outlines of the theoretical background for five categories of models are given. No attempt is made to compare the models in order to nominate the best model. Effort is, however, made to illustrate the futility of calibrating models against one type of test when the model is redundant to the test type.     

Does afforestation increase bird nest predation risk in surrounding farmland?

Afforestation of agricultural land is increasingly used to deliver environmental benefits, but their effects on biodiversity remain poorly understood. This paper tests the hypothesis that afforestation changes predation processes in surrounding farmland, examining how the characteristics and landscape context of forest plantations affect predator (birds and mammalian carnivores) and key prey (rabbits and hares) abundances, and bird nest predation rates in Iberian cereal-steppes. Lagomorphs and predators were surveyed in fallow fields around 50 forest plantations, where predation rates were estimated using artificial nests set at 0, 100, 200 and 300 m from the forest edge. Recent plantations structurally similar to sparse (oak) or dense (pine) shrublands were associated with the highest hare and rabbit abundances, respectively, whereas both species avoided landscapes with high eucalyptus cover. In contrast, mature eucalyptus plantations showed strong positive effects on typical nest predators such as corvids and carnivores. Open farmland fragmentation favoured the abundance of lagomorphs and carnivores. Despite these effects and the high predation rate on artificial nests (49%), there was neither evidence for increased predation near plantation edges nor higher predation in fields with more lagomorphs and predators. However, predation tended to increase with cover by young oak plantations and overall forest plantation cover, to decrease with eucalyptus cover at both the local and landscape scales, and to peak in landscapes with intermediate edge densities. These results suggest that afforestation may have strong effects on bird nest predation rates by changing landscape composition and configuration, rather than by inducing local increases in predator and prey populations. Nevertheless, increased abundances of generalist predators associated with forest plantations may still be considered of conservation concern, thus supporting the recommendation for strongly restricting afforestation in areas important for open grassland birds. Where this is unavoidable, monitoring should be undertaken to provide early signals for bird population declines associated with predator increases, eventually triggering conservation action such as predator exclusion or removal.     

昆明市区樱花行道树应用效果综合评价

文章通过对昆明市区樱花行道树的数量、分布、部分生长指标、抚育管理状况及其所形成的景观效果进行调查,就其2004年的经营管理效益成本做了量化分析,并提出加强抚育管理的措施。       

山西省太谷县不同退耕还林模式生态效应研究

以撂荒地作为对照,通过野外采样、定点观测、室内试验,研究了山西省太谷县不同退耕还林模式的生态效应。结果表明:不同退耕还林模式生态效应是不同的,刺槐+山桃>刺槐>山桃林>撂荒地;刺槐+山桃、刺槐、山桃林负氧离子浓度分别为2019、1893、1738个/cm^3,是撂荒地的1.86倍;负氧离子寿命分别为17.35、16.28、14.94 min,是撂荒地的1.96倍;PM_2.5浓度分别为59.07、65.77、73.36μg/m^3,是撂荒地的0.65倍;土壤容重分别为1.15、1.17、1.19 g/cm^3,是撂荒地的0.80倍;土壤总孔隙度分别为49.60%、48.94%、47.57%,是撂荒地的1.24倍;土壤非毛管孔隙度分别为7.16%、6.77%、6.17%,是撂荒地的1.43倍;土壤有机质分别为2.93%、2.71%、2.53%,是撂荒地的1.42倍,土壤表层日较差分别为11.63、11.77、11.85℃,是撂荒地的0.80倍。