Field performance of embryogenic cell suspension-derived banana plants (Musa AAA, cv. Grande naine)

Growth and yield characteristics of two different clones of banana plants (Musa AAA cv. Grande naine) originating from four months old embryogenic cell suspensions were studied. These characteristics were compared with those plants produced by the conventional in vitro budding multiplication method. Two types of variants were observed during the acclimatization phase among 500 embryogenic cell suspension derived plants. The first type related to banana plants with `variegated or deformed leaves' were also observed in in vitro budding derived plants. The second type concerned `fasciated-leafed' plants. During the field growth, these two variant types produced plants morphologically similar to the other plants. Thus, none of the cell suspension derived plants exhibited off-type traits in the field. A Fisher block model was used to compare the field performances of the two clones produced through the two in vitro propagation techniques. The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the plants produced by either micropropagation techniques for the plant height and circumference, the length of the reference leaf, the number of nodal clusters of the inflorescence and of fruits, the bunch weight, the period of time between planting and flowering, and between planting and harvesting. This study showed that banana plants with an agronomical behaviour similar to those produced by the conventional in vitro budding method could be regenerated from embryogenic cell suspension. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic variation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivated in Chile determined by RAPDs

RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to analyze the genetic variability of sweet potato germplasm existing in Chile and elsewhere. Analysis of 28 cultivars from all over the world showed polymorphic bands with all 18 primers tested. A total of 124 RAPD bands were scored with an average of 6.9 polymorphic bands per primer. These results confirm that sweet potato exhibits high genetic variation. Two groups were distinguished: one containing Peruvian cultivars, and another containing cultivars from the rest of the world. Analysis of 14 accessions from Central Chile and one from Northern Chile showed polymorphic bands with 24 of 26 primers tested, but almost all of the 140 polymorphic bands merely showed the distinctness of the Northern accession. The almost complete uniformity of the other 14 accessions shows that sweet potato germplasm collected in Central Chile has very little genetic variability and may be derived from a single cultivar. Based on these results and on historical records, some hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of sweet potatoes cultivated in Chile. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同肥力水平的土壤紧实度与含水量的相关度分析

为探讨不同肥力条件下土壤紧实度值对含水量的依赖程度,选择质地相同肥力不同的3个田块监测土壤紧实度和实时含水量,分析不同肥力水平土壤的紧实度与含水量的相关程度,揭示不同肥力水平的土壤条件下,土壤紧实度对含水量依赖程度的差异。结果表明：0~25 cm土层范围内,同一田块各土层之间的土壤紧实度对含水量的依赖程度没有显著差异;但在土壤质地相同、肥力条件不同的情况下,土壤含水量对土壤紧实度影响的强弱程度存在明显差异,表现为土壤肥力越低,土壤紧实度对含水量的依赖程度越强。研究表明,在土壤健康评价过程中,当土壤肥力条件较好时,可以适当降低土壤水分对紧实度影响的权重水平,而肥力条件差的土壤,在对土壤紧实度进行拟合时,应充分考虑土壤水分条件的影响。     

水稻不同粒位籽粒淀粉与蛋白质累积动态差异

 以中熟籼稻（扬稻6号）和中熟粳稻（扬粳9538）为材料,研究了穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆过程中粒重、淀粉、可溶性糖和粗蛋白质含量等动态变化,以期通过分析灌浆物质累积动态差异探讨不同粒位间籽粒品质差异形成的生理原因。穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆物质累积动态存在显著差异,同一穗上早开花籽粒起步灌浆早,初期灌浆速率快;灌浆前、中期籽粒中淀粉和直链淀粉累积速率、累积量与籽粒开花顺序较为一致,即早开花籽粒大于迟开花籽粒,而不同粒位籽粒间的可溶性糖含量变化则与之相反。灌浆在粒位间的差异扬粳9538大于扬稻6号。成熟期籽粒直链淀粉含量则与开花顺序无必然联系。粗蛋白质含量随灌浆进程呈倒“S”型趋势,即灌浆前期下降较快,至最低点后略有回升,前期下降速率迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,但蛋白质含量在整个灌浆阶段则以迟开花籽粒大于早开花籽粒,二次枝梗大于一次枝梗籽粒,穗下部籽粒高于其他部位籽粒。灌浆前、中期同枝梗上较早开花籽粒含水量下降幅度大于迟开花的籽粒,一次枝梗上第1粒尤为明显。以上结果说明,可溶性碳水化合物的供给可能不是弱势粒发育不良的限制因子,弱势粒灌浆充实不良可能与其较低的生理活性有关。     

6种龙船花的光合特性研究

对6个龙船花品种叶片的形态特征、光合作用日变化和光响应曲线进行测定与分析,结果表明:6种龙船花的光合能力差异不显著,LSP和LCP均较低,说明利用强光的能力较差,耐阳性较弱,而对弱光利用能力较强,具有较强的适应弱光的能力;且它们的WUE也比较低,在0.89～1.37μmol/mmol间,表现出耐荫喜湿的特性。因此在生产上应注意适当遮荫和水分的管理,其中龙船花(I.chinensis)能适应较强的阳光。6种龙船花的Pn均与PAR、Tr、Ci极显著相关,但品种不同,其主导因子也不一样。龙船花和大王龙船花的Pn与Gs、Ci、Tr、VpdL、PAR呈极显著相关;大黄龙船花、橙红龙船花、杏黄龙船花的Pn与Ci、Tr、VpdL、PAR呈极显著相关,而与Gs不相关;洋红龙船花的Pn与Gs、Ci、Tr、PAR呈极显著相关,而与VpdL不相关。     

棉田土壤磷素与盐分离子的相关性初步研究

通过田间小区试验对不同磷肥用量下棉田土壤磷素与盐分含量及盐分离子相关性进行了探讨。结果表明,磷肥施用可增加全盐含量,尤其SO24-和Ca2+离子增加明显,但与对照相比,未到显著水平,大量施磷处理也不会显著增加全盐含量;不同时期不同层次中施磷量、全磷和速效磷与各种盐分离子的相关性显示,苗期和花蕾期相关性不明显,吐絮期与部分盐分离子存在显著相关性。     

北部湾4个自然群体双线紫蛤形态差异与判别分析

采用3种多元分析方法,对北部湾4个海区双线紫蛤的7个形态性状进行比较研究。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,广西钦州和广西北海群体形态最为接近,广西湛江与广东廉江群体形态比较接近,广西北海和广东廉江群体的趋异程度最大。主成分分析表明3个主成分的贡献率为:主成分1为38.395%,主成分2为27.653%,主成分3为20.224%,累积贡献率为86.272%。判别分析结果表明,4个群体间形态差异显著(P<0.01),建立的判别函数的判别准确率P1和P2均为73.30%~90.00%,综合判别率为79.18%。相关分析发现,双线紫蛤群体间的欧氏距离与地理距离之间有一定相关性,相关系数r=0.669 9。     

退化红壤区植被恢复过程夏季土壤水分时空变异格局动态

用经典统计学和地统计学方法,对比分析江西泰和退化红壤丘陵区重建森林及自然恢复草地15 a、25 a土壤(0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层)水分空间变异格局。结果表明：在恢复初期,重建森林和自然恢复草地土壤水分较为均匀,随着恢复年限的增加,土壤水分逐渐增加,且离散程度存在不同程度的提高和中等程度变异; 重建森林及自然恢复草地土壤水分分布呈正态分布,均能较好的拟合成球状模型(决定系数均> 0.804),数据表现出明显的空间自相关,具有一定的空间变异特征,变异来源主要以土壤母质、地形等引起的结构性变异为主。从时间序列上看,恢复25 a土壤水分块金值、基台值、块金系数均显著增大,总的变异性增加,且由随机因素造成的变异比重加大; 从土层角度来看,同一恢复年限内,自然恢复草地基台值上层(0~20 cm)>下层(20~40 cm),块金值、块金系数则表现为上层 < 下层,下层土壤水分随机变异强于上层。重建森林的3个指标均表现为上层>下层,且表层随机性变异更大; 随恢复时间增加,森林表层土壤水分空间异质性程度加大,斑块更为破碎化,自然恢复草地0~20 cm和20~40 cm两土层变程均显著变大,土壤水分空间延续范围变大; 增加取样密度和加大研究尺度更能揭示退化红壤区土壤水分空间变异特征。     

磷硼耦合胁迫对大豆生长和磷、硼吸收的影响及基因型差异

以磷效率不同的5个大豆基因型为材料,通过水培试验研究磷、硼不同处理对大豆不同生育期植株生长和磷、硼吸收的影响及基因型差异.结果表明:磷、硼不同处理显著影响大豆生长,并且磷、硼对大豆生长的影响具有显著的交互作用.其中,磷有效性是影响大豆生长和硼吸收的重要因素.在相同硼水平下,增加磷有效性能显著提高各大豆基因型植株干质量、籽粒产量和单株磷硼积累量;在适量磷水平下,增加硼水平,能显著促进磷高效大豆基因型的生长和植株体内磷、硼的累积,但对磷低效品种则无显著影响.磷、硼对大豆生长的影响及其交互作用在成熟期表现更为明显,改善硼供应有利于提高磷高效大豆基因型的产量.     

凡纳滨对虾3个亲本及其子代群体的SSR分析（摘要）（英文）

利用微卫星标记技术,采用8对微卫星引物对凡纳滨对虾3个亲本群体（OI Q、SIS Q、Kona Bay Q）及其子一代（OI Z、SIS Z、Kona BayZ）共计120个个体进行遗传分析。计算6个群体在8个微卫星位点上的平均等位基因数（Na）、平均有效等位基因数（Ne）、平均观测杂合度（Ho）、平均期望杂合度（He）、平均多态信息含量（PIC）和平均Hardy-Weinberg平衡指数（D）,以上各参数均采用群体遗传学分析软件POP-GENE3.2处理,同时根据Nei的方法计算群体间的遗传距离和遗传相似系数。运用MEGA3.0软件,采取UPGMA方法根据6个群体的遗传距离进行聚类。结果表明：8对微卫星引物在6个群体中共检测到28个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为2 ～6个,平均等位基因数为3.5;各位点的期望杂合度均比观测杂合度高;多态信息含量（PIC）值为0.479 4 ～0.769 9,说明这8个位点在凡纳滨对虾中具有较高的信息含量。在亲本和子代群体遗传结构分析中,子代的有效等位基因数、杂合度和多态信息含量等指标均略低于亲本群体,但子代的遗传多样性并未受到太大影响,仍保持较好的遗传力。