色木槭和拧筋槭种子脱水耐性分析——基于含水量、发芽率和ABA含量变化的结果

通过采集不同发育阶段种子并对其进行自然干燥处理,以含水量、发芽率和ABA含量变化为指标,研究了色木槭和拧筋槭种子在自然发育和干燥过程中的脱水耐性变化.结果表明,色木槭和拧筋槭种子虽经历了成熟脱水,但种子仍不耐脱水;其发芽率和活力指数随发育进程而逐渐增加,但随自然脱水进程而逐渐降低;色木槭和拧筋槭种子最大脱水耐性分别出现在花后100 d和120 d;在整个发育过程中,两树种种子的ABA(脱落酸)含量均较低;拧筋槭种子中ABA含量在脱水过程中呈下降趋势,而色木槭种子中ABA含量在脱水过程中虽有升高但变化不显著.推测ABA含量低可能为色木槭和拧筋槭种子不耐脱水的主要原因之一.     

元宝枫叶片色素吸收光谱研究

采用旋转薄层层析法对元宝枫叶片色素物质进行分离,并对分离得到的5种叶色素的特征吸收光谱进行了测定、分析.结果表明,在波长为400～700 nm范围内,元宝枫叶绿素a、叶绿素b和胡萝卜素各有2个吸收峰.玉米黄素在蓝紫光区和橙光区均有吸收峰,最高峰值在波长445 nm处.2种叶黄素在波长为400～500 nm区域均有3个吸收峰.     

不同覆盖处理对元宝枫叶生物活性物质含量的影响

以2年生元宝枫苗为试材,对其进行不同覆盖处理,测定叶内黄酮、绿原酸、叶绿素、SOD活性酶和丙二醛的含量,并进行方差分析和多重比较.结果表明:不同覆盖处理对元宝枫叶中生物活性物质含量的影响十分明显,黄酮含量在白膜覆盖下最高,绿原酸和叶绿素含量在绿膜覆盖下最高,SOD酶活性和丙二醛含量在红膜覆盖下最高,黄酮、叶绿素、丙二醛含量在不同覆盖处理下均以α=0.01水平上差异极显著,SOD酶活性和绿原酸含量以α=0.05水平上差异显著.     

丛枝菌根真菌对元宝枫生长及其根系形态的影响

【目的】阐明丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌对元宝枫生长状况及根系形态特性的影响,探讨元宝枫根系形态与其生长发育的关系。【方法】在元宝枫幼苗生长基质中接种摩西斗管囊霉（Funneliformis mosseae）和根内根孢囊霉（Rhizophagus intraradices）2种AM真菌,以不接种AM真菌为对照,通过盆栽试验,培养90 d后,测定元宝枫的生长状况、根系活力及根系形态指标,利用单因素方差分析和多重比较方法,分析接菌与不接菌处理之间的差异,采用envfit ()函数、冗余度分析和变差分解分析元宝枫生长状况与其他指标间的关系。【结果】①接种2种AM真菌后,元宝枫株高、地径、茎干质量和根系活力较对照显著提高,根冠比下降。根内根孢囊霉对元宝枫的促生作用比摩西斗管囊霉显著。②与对照相比,接种2种AM真菌后,元宝枫根表面积和根体积显著增大,粗根根长占总根长的比例增加,细根根长占总根长的比例显著降低。根内根孢囊霉对元宝枫根系形态的影响比摩西斗管囊霉显著。③元宝枫生长状况与其根系活力和根系形态密切相关。【结论】接种AM真菌有助于增强元宝枫的根系活力,改善其根系形态,促使其汲取更多养分,进而提高其生物量。     

3种抗氧化剂对茶条槭(Acer ginnala Maxim.)组织培养污染及褐化的影响

研究了3种抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸)对茶条槭外植体组织培养中抑制污染及褐化的影响。结果表明:在一定浓度下抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸三者配合能明显抑制菌类污染及褐变的产生,在含有抗坏血酸0.125 g/L,亚硫酸钠0.125 g/L,柠檬酸2.5 g/L及BA 2 mg/L的培养基上增殖系数达3.76,与对照相比差异达极显著水准,但高浓度抗氧化剂对茶条槭产生伤害。     

Impervious surface thresholds for urban tree site selection

Impervious surfaces are a ubiquitous urban feature that increase temperature and tree drought stress and are a demonstrated indicator of Acer rubrum L. tree condition and insect pest abundance. We examined the relationship between A. rubrum condition, impervious surface cover, and Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock) abundance, a primary herbivore of urban A. rubrum, in eight cities across the southern distribution of A. rubrum. We predicted that the effects of warming, due to impervious surface, would be greater in warmer southern cities than in cooler northern cities. We found that impervious surface was a robust predictor of tree condition, but this effect was not significantly affected by background temperature. Melanaspis tenebricosa abundance was a function of impervious surface and background temperature, with greatest abundances occurring at mid latitudes. Based on these relationships, we developed impervious surface thresholds to inform site selection for A. rubrum throughout the southeastern USA. Planting criteria based on habitat characteristics should maximize urban tree longevity and services provided.     

7种红花槭在北京的生态适应性评价

以7个红花槭品种为研究材料,从物候期、植株生长量、耐热性、耐寒性及抗病虫害能力5个方面,研究了7个红花槭品种在北京地区的生态适应性,并对其作出了综合评价.结果表明:‘仙娜格林'、‘索美赛'、‘酒红'、‘红点'、‘十月光辉'5个品种适应性最强.‘北林'次之,‘太阳谷'抽条较严重,适应性较差,不适于在北京地区栽培.‘索美赛'、‘红点'、‘酒红'、‘十月光辉'秋色叶观赏期最长可达30 d,观赏效果好于其他品种.     

Resource competition across the crop-tree interface in a maize-silver maple temperate alley cropping stand in Missouri

In order to improve the management of temperate alley cropping, it is important to study the growth and physiological responses of plants arising from competition across the crop-tree interface. Maize (Zea mays L.) was established between rows of seven-year-old silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) trees in north-central Missouri, USA with four imposed treatments: (1) an unmodified control with a standard rate of N fertilization (179.2 kg N (as NH₄NO₃) ha⁻¹), (2) trenching with root barrier installed, (3) supplemental fertilization treatment (standard N + 89.6 kg ha⁻¹ N), and (4) a combination of trenching with root barrier and supplemental fertilization. Whereas soil N status had little effect on maize physiology and yield at the interface, competition for soil water was substantial in both years. Without a root barrier, soil water content, predawn and midday water potential, and midday net photosynthesis of maize plants adjacent to the tree row were reduced compared with those of plants in the alley center, but no differences across the maize crop were evident in the presence of a barrier. Grain yield of border row maize plants lacking an adjacent barrier was depressed compared with that for maize plants with a root barrier present (8.42 vs. 6.59 Mg ha⁻¹ in 1997; 5.38 vs. 3.91 Mg ha⁻¹ in 1998). However, the barrier did not completely restore yield to that in the alley center, suggesting that reductions in light near the tree row also limited production. Top ear height showed a similar pattern of response to the presence of a root barrier. Silver maple trees responded to root barrier installation with reduced annual diameter growth and reduced water status on some sample days. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

青榨槭外植体消毒方法初步研究

以青榨槭带芽茎段为外植体,研究了取材时间、消毒剂种类以及处理时间对外植体灭菌效果的影响。结果表明,0.1%、0.2%升汞处理5 min或7 min的污染率显著低于1%次氯酸钠处理20 min或30 min;75%酒精浸60 s后,用0.1%的升汞消毒7 min和0.2%的升汞消毒5 min或7 min的处理间没有显著差异,其中75%酒精浸60 s后用0.1%的升汞消毒7 min的消毒效果最好,外植体污染率和存活率分别为1.9%和90.4%。4月中旬至7月中旬取材的外植体污染率均低于5%,而存活率均达90%以上,为青榨槭茎段外植体取材的最佳时期。