激素对复叶槭茎段和叶片愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响

以复叶槭的茎段、叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加多种激素配比试验,结果表明:叶外植体在各种培养基上均形成愈伤组织,但没有出现芽的分化。茎段外植体在多种培养基上均产生愈伤组织,但仅在MS+0.000 5mg.L-1TDZ+0.01 mg.L-1NAA培养基上出现再生芽,芽的分化率为22.8%,在MS+0.1 mg.L-1NAA上生根率为83.3%,移植后成活率为86.2%。     

Leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements in deciduous tree species

The influence of tree species and soil properties on leaf litterfall concentrations and fluxes of elements were studied in three mixed deciduous forest stands. Leaf litterfall fluxes of sixteen elements were measured during autumn defoliation in 100 to 150 yr old individuals of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill, and Acer platanoides L. Compared to throughfall and precipitation, leaf litterfall dominated the flux of P, Ca, Mn, N and Mg (in decreasing order) to the soil below the tree canopies. For K and especially S and Na, however, the importance of leaf litterfall input to the total fluxes was small. Fluxes and especially concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P and partly N were positively related to base saturation of the soil, while Mn was negatively related due to a higher mobilization rate and plant uptake of this element on acid soils. Litterfall fluxes for C. betulus were strongly positively influenced by base saturation and fluxes were usually higher than for F. sylvatica and Q. robur at the richest site. Quercus robur had often the lowest fluxes, especially of Ca and Mg. Tilia cordata had the highest leaf litter concentrations in twelve of the sixteen elements, and the highest fluxes particularly of N and K. Acer platanoides had the highest or among the highest concentrations and fluxes of Ca, Zn and Mn. The concentration of Al in C. betulus leaf litterfall, was about five times higher than in all other tree species at all sites.     

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

Status and Regeneration of Himalayan Maple in the Himachal Pradesh: Honing Red List of Plants

The population status and regeneration of a data-deficient tree species were examined in both protected and unprotected areas. The target species was found in six habitat types, seven aspects between 2,100- to 3,300-m altitude, and sites dominated by different species. The species was best represented in a shady moist habitat, north and northwest aspects, altitudinal range >2,700 m, and sites dominated by Acer caesium in both protected and unprotected sites; but the generalized linear model indicated nonsignificant effect of sites, habitat, altitude, and dominance except for aspects. Difference in sapling and seedling density among aspects and sites only was significant. Probability of use and resource use index indicated poor preference and less pressure as fuel. It can be concluded that the species is not under any significant threat in the study area. But, further studies on population status, regeneration, and relationship with environmental factors in a wider geographic region are suggested to evaluate species and place under suitable priority category.     

日本红枫‘青龙’组织培养与快速繁殖

以青龙半木质化枝条为外植体,采用丛生芽诱导途径,建立起组培快繁体系。结果表明:最佳启动培养基为WPM+0.05mg/LTDZ+30g/L蔗糖+6.5g/L琼脂,启动率为96.1%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM+0.06mg/LTDZ+0.3mg/LIBA+6.5g/L琼脂+30g/L蔗糖,继代周期30d,增殖系数高达4.8;最佳生根培养基为1/2WPM+0.3mg/LNAA+6.5g/L琼脂+30g/L蔗糖,培养30d,其生根率达96.7%。炼苗后,移栽到珍珠岩∶蛭石∶泥炭土体积比为1∶1∶1的混合基质中,成活率达到90%以上。     

武陵山区小流域4种植被类型土壤水分动态变化

以武陵山区小流域马尾松林、枫樟混交林、杜仲林和坡耕地为研究对象,对其7.5、12.0、20.0 cm土层深度在典型降雨前后水分动态变化进行观测与分析,研究了林地土壤水分的日变化规律,从而为林水综合管理、流域科学治理以及森林多功能高效经营等提供科技支持。结果表明:1)所有观测时间内,在7.5和12.0 cm土层深度处,4种植被类型土壤含水量最大的均是杜仲林,其次是枫樟混交林,最低的是坡耕地,土壤水分随深度增加而降低;在20.0 cm土层深度处,杜仲林和枫樟混交林差异不显著,马尾松林与坡耕地差异显著;3个土层深度下,4种植被类型土壤含水量均为杜仲林>枫樟混交林>马尾松林>坡耕地。2)降雨前, 4种植被类型的土壤含水量均比较稳定,只在7.5和12.0 cm处缓慢减少;降水后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量明显增加,增加幅度最大的是7.5 cm的马尾松林,其次是12.0 cm的坡耕地。3)降水前后,4种植被类型的土壤含水量与风速和大气温度均呈负相关关系,土壤的含水量与湿度呈正相关关系。4)综合分析表明杜仲林的土壤含水量最大,其作为生态经济型树种,具有较好的水源涵养能力,可大面积示范推广有利于提高研究区的生态效益。     

红花槭扦插生根特性和解剖学研究

以红花槭‘十月光辉’1年生带顶芽、1年生无顶芽和2年生硬枝为插穗,选用M1(河沙与珍珠岩的体积比为1∶1)、M2(河沙与蛭石的体积比为1∶1)、M3(珍珠岩与蛭石的体积比为1∶1)和M4(河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石的体积比为1∶1∶1)4种不同的扦插基质,施加不同质量浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)和萘乙酸(NAA)进行扦插试验,研究插穗类型、基质种类和外源激素对红花槭扦插生根的影响,并对扦插过程中不定根发育形成过程进行组织学观察。结果表明:M4基质在生根率(69.44%)、平均生根数量(14.31条)和平均根长(5.40cm)方面均表现最优,为适宜的扦插基质;1年生插穗生根率和平均根数均高于2年生插穗的,平均根长低于2年生插穗的;1年生带顶芽与1年生无顶芽插穗的扦插生根率差异不显著(P0.05);500mg/L IBA+500mg/LNAA处理效果最好,生根率达75.56%,平均生根数量为15.68条,平均根长为6.48 cm。红花槭属于诱生根原基多位点发生类型,其不定根起源于木射线与维管形成层交叉区域和韧皮部薄壁组织。     

长治地区金叶复叶槭硬枝扦插育苗试验

试验在长治地区进行,以金叶复叶槭为试材进行硬枝扦插育苗试验,结果表明,采用沙壤土扦插和地膜覆盖均可明显提高扦插成活率、扦插苗高度及地径生长量。     

山东地区茶用元宝枫品系的比较与筛选

以山东地区种植的一批元宝枫为试材,采用酶分解法提取其叶片中的绿原酸,比较含量差异,为在山东地区筛选优质的茶用元宝枫品系提供了重要的理论依据。分析的结果表明:供试元宝枫材料,叶片形态差异显著,08号无性系叶片形态最大,叶长8.80cm,叶宽12.20 cm,叶面积为44.1762 cm2;裂长变化范围为4.34 cm～6.70 cm,叶基角均小于180°。叶片性状的变异系数最大的是叶柄长,变异系数为9.23%。元宝枫叶绿原酸含量区间:27.5391～32.3208 mg·g^-1,平均含量为29.2460mg·g^-1,10组无性系中绿原酸的含量高低排序结果为,01号>08号>05号>07号>10号>06号>02号>04号>09号>03号。元宝枫的叶宽与绿原酸含量的相关系数是0.550*,表明根据叶宽的长度,可简单推测出其中绿原酸含量的高低,叶宽值越大,绿原酸含量越高,反之,绿原酸含量越高。综上分析,挑选出了08号和01号无性系作为叶茶使用的优质种质资源。     

不同施肥水平对茶条槭生长及光合生理特性的影响

盆栽试验研究了N、P二要素对茶条槭组培苗生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥、磷肥水平的提高,植株的株高、地径都有所增加,根冠比减小,光合产物向茎叶转移;适量施用氮、磷肥有助于提高植株的光合作用以及水分利用率。