晚大新高梨的净光合速率变化规律初探

利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对晚大新高梨进行叶片净光合速率测定研究,结果表明,净光合速率日变化在4、5月份为单峰型,在6、7月份为双峰型,年变化为双峰型。净光合速率Pn在光强为18-1 476 μmol·m-2·s-1时随光强的增强而增大, 净光合速率Pn在CO2浓度为31-963 μmol·mol-1时随CO2浓度的增大而升高,叶片在展叶后23 d内,净光合速率Pn呈上升趋势,23 d后Pn值略有下降,然后趋于稳定。不同部位叶片的净光合速率Pn相比,树冠外围中部最高,下部最低。     

春玉米叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分的阈值响应及其生产力分级

试验设正常灌水处理和干旱胁迫处理,讨论春玉米叶片的光合生理参数对土壤水分的阈值响应并进行生产力分级。结果表明:正常灌水处理的叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)呈单峰曲线变化,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔限制值(Ls)对水分变化具有相反的响应变化。干旱胁迫处理下叶片的Pn、Tr在进行控水后明显下降,灌浆以前Pn下降主要是由气孔限制引起的。随着水分胁迫的加剧,光合结构受损,Pn下降,主要受非气孔因素限制。短期干旱胁迫会适当降低玉米的水分利用效率(WUE),但是下降程度不显著,WUE能达到中等水平。长期严重的水分胁迫后,WUE下降明显,与正常灌水处理相比差异极显著。以光合生理参数为指标对玉米土壤水分有效性及生产力进行分级与评价,确定当36.8%<土壤相对湿度(RWC)<42.7%时为低产低效水;42.7%相似文献   

不同生长阶段肉仔鸡饲粮氨基酸平均真可消化率和粗蛋白质净利用率的测定

分别选用体重一致的2周龄和5周龄AA肉仔鸡,分2次试验通过全收粪法测定不同生长阶段肉仔鸡典型饲粮氨基酸的真可消化率和蛋白质的净利用率.结果表明,2~3周龄时,幼雏饲粮氨基酸平均真消化率和蛋白质净利用率分别为84.77%和57.49%;5~6周龄时,生长饲粮氨基酸平均真消化率和蛋白质净利用率分别为87.90%和73.78%.     

4个牡丹品种光合特性的比较研究

在田间栽培条件下,用英国C IRAS-1型便携式光合仪对4个不同株高牡丹品种的光合特性进行了比较研究.结果表明,4个牡丹品种净光合速率日变化均为双峰曲线,有明显的"午休"现象.在日变化及季节变化中,佛门袈裟的净光合速率显著地高于其他品种,其光合作用表观量子效率、羧化效率也最高.品种间光饱和点的差异不显著,但光补偿点则表现为佛门袈裟明显低于其他品种.     

几种乡土树种光合生理特性研究

采用美国LI—COR公司生产的LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对几种乡土树种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:①椿叶花椒、构树、臭椿和翅荚木的光补偿点分别为45.8、40.5、36.4和17.8μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点分别为607.3、624.9、573.4和373.8μmol/(m2.s),表观量子利用效率分别为0.055 7、0.046 6、0.044 1和0.047 0;②CO2补偿点分别为91.3、77.3、83.1和81.5μmol/mol,CO2饱和点分别为1 668.2、1 077.9、1 518.1和1 251.7μmol/mol,羧化效率分别为0.071 2、0.081 9、0.087 2和0.072 7;③4个树种的光合能力为椿叶花椒>构树>臭椿>翅荚木。     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.     

青岛斋堂岛海域春季双桩竖杆张网网囊网目的选择性

2014年春季,采用平行作业法,以2a=16 mm(a为目脚长度)的菱形目网囊为对照网(CN),选取30 mm菱形目网囊和20 mm、30 mm、40 mm的方形目网囊(分别以30D、20S、30S和40S表示)作为实验网囊,对青岛斋堂岛附近海域的双桩竖杆张网进行了不同网目形状的网囊和不同网目尺寸方形目网囊的选择性比较试验。以多元统计分析方法进行种间选择性分析,以Logistic曲线作为选择性模型、采用极大似然估算法进行种内选择性分析。结果显示,与对照网相比,所有实验网囊均能有效释放玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、舒氏海龙(Syngnathus schlegeli)等低值渔获以及经济鱼类的幼体。比较不同网目形状网囊的渔获数据发现,方形目网囊较菱形目网囊具有更好的选择性,其中30S网囊对玉筋鱼和舒氏海龙的释放率(以尾数计)分别比30D网囊高4.61%和16.80%,对六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)和日本枪乌贼(Loigo japonica)的50%选择体长(胴长)L50分别比30D网囊大38.47%和61.29%。比较不同网目尺寸方形目网囊的渔获数据发现,当实验网为20S和30S时,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的L50分别为6.58 cm和7.20 cm,选择范围(SR)分别为3.02 cm和0.87 cm;当实验网为20S、30S和40S时,日本枪乌贼的L50分别为2.88 cm、4.03 cm和10.49 cm,SR分别为0.74 cm、0.52 cm和2.67 cm;不同尺寸的方形目网囊对这2种渔获物的L50随着网目尺寸的增大而增大。根据实验海区各种渔获物的经济价值、低值鱼类和幼鱼的释放比例以及分拣渔获物的劳动力投入等综合分析认为,30 mm方形目网囊在保护渔业资源的同时对渔业生产不会造成显著影响,建议予以推广。     

东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态分析

以１９９７、１９９８年“苏海研１、２号”帆式张网资源监测调查船４０２０网次的调查结果及１１４次渔获随机取样的分析结果为依据,对东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态进行分析研究,结果表明,东海区帆式张网渔业资源结构春季以小黄鱼、银鲳、黄鲫,夏季以小黄鱼、带鱼、黄鲫,秋季以小黄鱼,带鱼、银鲳、冬季以小黄鱼、带钱赤主要利用对象;主要经济鱼类小黄鱼,带鱼,银鲳的幼鱼渔获得比例以夏季最高为７６．０６％,其余     

Relationship between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets

In order to determine the effects of ghost fishing by lost gill nets, the relationship was examined between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets by using diving observations. Two experimental gill nets were set at 13 m depth in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, Japan for approximately 200 days. One gill net was deployed in a small trough surrounded by artificial reefs, and the other was deployed on an adjacent open sandy bed. Twelve species of crustaceans, six species of gastropods, and five species of bony fish were enmeshed in the experimental gill nets. The number of enmeshed animals in the artificial reef gill net was substantially larger than that in the sandy bed gill net. The number of enmeshed animals in the experimental gill nets increased rapidly within one month after deployment, and then declined gradually showing fluctuations caused by the decrease in newly enmeshed animals, and the drop off from gill nets caused by the decomposition of dead animals. The decrease in the number of enmeshed animals was expressed by logarithmic equations, and based on these equations, the duration of capture function for the lost gill nets was calculated to be 284–561 days in the artificial reef gill net and 200 days in the sandy bed gill net. The duration of capture function for the lost gill nets for non-commercial by-catch species such as small crustaceans and gastropods was longer than for commercial species such as Japanese spiny lobster and bony fish.     

Epidermal proteases of the Japanese eel

A fluorescent-sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the protease activity in the dorsal skin of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Two distinct extracts were separately prepared from skin mucus and epidermal cell layers, with no mutual contamination. The epidermal extract was sensitive to various substrates, whereas there was no, or only marginal, susceptibility to the same substrates for the mucous extract. Optimum hydrolysis pHs of the epidermal extract was variable and below pH 7.0, and the optimum hydrolysis temperatures were between 40 and 50 °C. In addition, Tos-Phe-Ch₂Cl, chymostatin, CdCl₂, CuCl₂, HgCl₂ and ZnCl₂ inhibited protease activities to different extents. Several other reagents specifically affected the protease activities, and their induced effects were useful for the identification of epidermal proteases. The findings indicate that a proteolytic factor, exhibiting various enzymological specificities, is retained within epidermal cell layers of Japanese eel. This factor is composed of 4 distinct proteases, such as cathepsins L and B-like proteases, a serine protease and an aminopeptidase.