百山祖冷杉森林植物群落的外貌与结构特征研究

百山祖冷杉森林植物群落的优势种群是由常绿的多脉青冈和落叶的亮叶水青冈组成,是一个比较特殊的天然的常绿与落叶阔叶混交林.构成乔木层的树种有8 ～ 9种,分为3个亚层,第1亚层高13m,由百山祖冷杉组成,第2亚层高8 ～ 12m,由多脉青冈和亮叶水青冈优势种群构成主要林冠层,第3亚层高4 ～ 8m,主要由第2亚层优势种群的幼树组成.百山祖冷杉植物群落的物种丰富度为17 ～ 19种,乔木层物种多样性指数明显高于灌木层和草本层,灌木物种主要由箬竹和百山祖玉山竹组成,草本物种主要为莎草科的苔草.     

The regeneration characteristics of Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis on cut stumps in the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido Tokyo University Forest

The regeneration characteristics of Picea jezoensis Carr. and Abies sachalinensis Masters on cut stumps in natural forest under selection cutting and natural regeneration were studied in a sub-boreal forest of the Hokkaido Tokyo University Forest. The following points were investigated: (1) what decay class of cut stumps are suitable for regeneration of the two conifer species; (2) what part, either a root collar or a cut surface, of a cut stump is suitable for regeneration; and (3) what percentages of cut stumps support conifer seedlings. The percentages of cut stumps that supported conifer seedlings increased as the decay class advanced, but slightly decreased in the latest stage of decay class, V. Both P. jezoensis and A. sachalinensis seedling densities per cut stump and per square meter of cut stumps increased as the decay class advanced. Some root collars in decay class IV supported A. sachalinensis seedlings, but few supported P. jezoensis. Densities of P. jezoensis per cut surface and per square meter of cut surface in decay class IV were higher than those of A. sachalinensis. On the other hand, densities of A. sachalinensis per root collar and per square meter of root collar in decay class IV were higher than those of P. jezoensis. Cut stumps in advanced decay classes are more suitable for regeneration of P. jezoensis and A. sachalinensis than those in early decay classes. Whereas a cut surface is more suitable for regeneration of P. jezoensis, a root collar is more suitable for regeneration of A. sachalinensis. Cut stumps are not sufficient to ensure enough conifer regeneration because not all conifer cut stumps in advanced decay classes support conifer seedlings.     

藏东南急尖长苞冷杉生长状况研究

运用标准木解析法对藏东南不同海拔高度急尖长苞冷杉的树高、直径生长进行研究的结果表明：冷杉在生长期对气候变化的反映十分敏感，在100年以内，适生区树高平均每年生长0．328m，是林线处的5．6倍，直径平均每年生长0．48cm，是林线处的3．4倍。极端气候条件是决定冷杉种群在林线附近生存、生长和扩展的限制因子。     

Effects of disturbance on regeneration of Abies fabri forests at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

Mudflow is the principal disturbance in Abies fabri forests. In the Gongga Mountain areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the intensities and periodicity of different scale mudflows vary. Small-scale mudflows are more frequent, occurring every one or two years while large-scale mudflows may occur once in more than one hundred years. Through a field study of A. fabri forests during different stages of growth, we analyzed their structural characteristics and discovered that after different sizes of mud-flow, poplar and birch often occupy the dominant canopy at the expense of the slow growing A. fabri, for only a small number of saplings are A. fabri that occurs in the first regeneration stage. However, a large number of seed resources can be found in mature A. fabri forests and as a unique regeneration species, A. fabri will gradually replace all the other species and form a stable community of strong shade-tolerant trees. Because of the intimate relationship between growing conditions and soil and water conservation at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, we should carry out some artificial measurements to control and promote the slow regeneration process of A. fabri.     

Effects of chronic acid fog exposure with soil acidification or nitrogen loading on nutrient status in Abies firma seedlings

To clarify the nutrient status in momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) seedlings under complex stress conditions of acid fog with soil acidification or nitrogen loading, we exposed seedling shoots to simulated acid fog (pH 3) and simultaneously loaded the soil with acid or excess nitrogen for 17 months. Proton and nitrogen loading reduced K concentration in soil, but these treatments had little effect on the nutrient status of fine roots in momi fir seedlings. Acid fog exposure resulted in reduced concentrations of Mg, Al, and Fe in current-year needles and Mg, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 1-year-old needles. The complex effects of acid fog exposure with proton or nitrogen loading on nutrient status were relatively slight. However, elements such as Al and Cu notably reflect the effects of proton loading. These results show that the nutrient status of trace elements, rather than major elements, in needles of momi fir seedlings is sensitive to exposure to acid fog or proton loading.     

川西亚高山岷江冷杉林土壤生物肥力特征研究

【目的】以川西亚高山岷江冷杉林为研究对象,研究该区表层土壤微生物种群数量、酶活性以及与之相关的土壤养分季节动态等土壤生物肥力特征。【方法】在川西亚高山岷江冷杉林中设置样地,2011-08中旬在样地上、中、下坡位放置分解袋,分别于2011年9月、11月和2012年3月、5月、7月中旬随机取回部分分解袋,测定其中土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性,并进行相关分析和主成分分析。【结果】林地土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量季节差异显著,在3种微生物中以细菌数量最多;细菌和真菌数量,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮和有效磷含量7月最高,放线菌数量、脲酶活性9月最高。相关分析表明,细菌数量与全钾、有机质、全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量呈显著正相关,真菌数量与有机质、全氮、速效钾含量呈显著正相关,放线菌数量与全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量呈显著正相关,脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性与有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效钾含量呈显著正相关;主成分分析表明,第1主成分贡献率为49.766%,主要综合了蔗糖酶、全钾、全磷、真菌的信息。【结论】川西亚高山岷江冷杉林土壤微生物数量、酶活性及土壤养分三者之间相互影响,共同反映土壤生物肥力特征。     

辽东冷杉引种研究

辽宁冷杉,其生长快、抗性强、耐干旱瘠薄、耐高寒。经过20余年的试验,该树种在伊春地区引种已获成功。本文从3个方面较详细介绍了辽宁冷杉的引种驯化情况。     

Induction of tumours by various strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Abies nordmanniana and Picea abies

Abies nordmanniana and Picea abies seedlings were inoculated with a wild‐type (C 58) or an attenuated strain (rooter or shooter mutants) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Large tumours were formed on A. nordmanniana in response to the wild‐type and rooter strains, 60–65 % of the seedlings being susceptible. Smaller tumours were formed on Picea abies in response to the wild‐type strain, at least 12% of the seedlings being susceptible. Tumours from both species induced by the wild‐type strain grew in vitro on medium without added phytohormones.     

沙松选优技术研究

通过分析沙松解析木找出沙松胸径早晚期相关关系，制定沙松优树标准，为建立沙松无性系种子园打好基础。     

沙冷杉结实特性的观测

以沙冷杉为材料,对其结实特性进行观测,结果表明:在城市人工栽培条件下,初次结实年龄为40～45 a,与野生植株基本相同,初次结实株率为31.3%;充足的光照可使结实植株和球果数量增加,温度对其无明显影响.球果着生于2 a或3 a生枝条基部,以2 a生枝条基部居多;多集中分布在树冠上部的枝条上.果鳞开裂至有种子与果鳞脱落...