覆盖和粮草间作对作物氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

为了减少普通地膜和氮肥的投入,实现该地区农业生态良性循环和土壤的可持续利用,在甘肃武威试验站采用完全随机裂区设计,研究了不同种植模式（玉米单作、玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆）和覆盖方式（普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖）对玉米和绿肥作物氮素吸收以及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：覆盖和间作对作物的氮素吸收利用具有显著促进作用。玉米收获期,与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的玉米植株吸氮量分别增加21.46%,11.22%和34.63%,与玉米单作相比,玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆的玉米吸氮量分别增加6.94%和6.26%。玉米收获期,秸秆覆盖的牧草植株吸氮量较普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和无覆盖分别增加46.75%,72.31%和21.76%,间作毛苕子的吸氮量较间作箭筈豌豆增加25.26%。玉米收获期,各处理玉米带、牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量均低于牧草收获期,无论牧草收获期还是玉米收获期,单作玉米的玉米带、裸露带土壤硝态氮累积量均低于间作玉米。玉米收获期,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖的玉米带0~140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较无覆盖分别显著增加32.87%和27.82%,普通地膜覆盖的牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖分别增加9.17%、6.07%和35.45%。     

灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验

在静水条件下,进行灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验,试验结果显示:灭虫精对西施舌幼贝24 h致死浓度LC100为400 ms／L,半数致死浓度LC100为250 mg/L,安全浓度为2．50mg／L;48h致死浓度为260 mg／L,半数致死浓度LC50为224ms／L,安全浓度为2．24mg／L。灭虫精用于西施舌人工育苗过程中桡足类等敌害生物防治,具有较强的可用性。根据试验结果,建议使用2 mg／L浓度的灭虫精进行防治,可达到显著效果。     

单股正链RNA病毒基因组3＇非编码区功能

单股正链RNA病毒数量众多,对人、动物和植物造成很大的危害。病毒基因组3＇末端都具有一段非编码区,基因组3＇非编码区在病毒的复制过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文简单介绍了单股正链RNA病毒基因组3＇非编码区结构的预测、测定和功能的研究方法,并重点概括了不同单股正链RNA病毒3＇非编码区一级序列、茎-环结构、假结体、TLS等结构在病毒基因组的复制、转录和翻译中的调控作用以及目前存在的问题。     

New alleles of chicken CD8 alpha and CD3d found in Chinese native and western breeds

Chinese native chicken breeds provide useful resources for the study of genetic diversity. In this study, the alleles of CD8 alpha and CD3d cDNA from Chinese native and introduced western breeds of chicken were analyzed at the sequence level. Six alleles were found, due to 13 amino acid replacements in the extracellular domain of the CD8 alpha sequence. There were four alleles detected in the Chinese strains, and alleles 5 and 6 were identified for the first time. Allele 6 was shared by Langshan, Beijing Fatty and Recessive White Feather chickens. Allele 2, found in the Bigbone strain, was the same as that found in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H7, and allele 3 in the Xianju breed was also the same as in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H12. Two Leghorn lines (RPL line 7 and AY519197) and the Camellia possessed an allele (alleles 1, 4 and 5), respectively, that was not found in the other lines. Nine out of 13 amino acid replacements were situated in the putative major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding CDR1 (positions 30, 33 and 34), CDR2 (positions 58, 62, 63 and 65) and CDR3 (positions 90 and 106). Except for the Xianju breed, the CD8 alpha cDNA of Chinese native chicken breeds shared high homology. Two alleles were found in CD3d. Three additional nucleotides were found at positions 64, 65 and 66 in the newly discovered allele 2. This led to a difference of four amino acids (at residues 22, 23, 24 and 25) in the extracellular domain of CD3d cDNA from the Gushi, Recessive White Feather and ISA chickens compared with these of the White Leghorn and T11.15 (NM_205512). Five hybridoma clones (1C9, 1H5, 4B11, 6G5 and 13C5) against chicken CD8 alpha were generated by DNA immunization. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 6G5 and 4B11, showed reactivity to the splenocytes from five Chinese native chicken breeds, the Recessive White Feather chicken and the Leghorn (AY519197), while mAbs 1C9, 1H5 and 13C5 showed no reaction with these breeds.     

猪解耦联蛋白基因3(UCP3)3''''侧翼区突变位点多态性及其对胴体、肉质性状的影响

利用PCR-RFLP技术,分析了猪解耦联蛋白基因3(UCP3)的3'侧翼区一碱基变异区Ava I位点的多态性在不同猪群体间的基因型分布及其多态性对猪胴体、肉质性状的影响.结果表明经x2独立性检验,发现该多态片段3种基因类型在各品种间分布不一致,杜洛克与中国地方猪种淮南猪、二花脸猪、清平猪、八眉猪相比差异极显著(P＜0.01),中国地方猪种间比较差异均不显著(P＞0.05);采用最小二乘法以及回归法分析了大白×梅山资源家系F2代139头个体的Ava Ⅰ位点多态性与相应的胴体、肉质性状的连锁关系,未发现该位点对猪胴体、肉质性状的显著性影响.UCP3基因3'侧翼区多态位点基因片段在各猪群间分布类型的不同显示出中国地方猪种与外来猪种相比所具有的种质差异,但该位点是否用作为改良猪胴体、肉质性状的标记位点并在标记辅助选择中加以应用还有待进一步的研究.     

基于3S技术的甘南州生态健康与生态承载力耦合

摘要：生态承载力是生态系统整体水平的主要特征之一,其定量分析已成为生态环境管理和区域可持续发展决策的有效依据。本研究以甘南藏族自治州为对象,运用Landsat TM、ETM+等遥感影像数据及统计年鉴数据,建立了基于生态系统健康的生态承载力评价指标体系。利用3S（GIS、RS、GPS）技术对主要指标（如NDVI指数等）进行空间数据分析处理,通过加速遗传层次分析法（AGA AHP）获得各指标权重,采用状态空间法定量研究2000-2008年甘南州各县(市)基于生态健康的生态承载力状况。结果显示,2000-2008年甘南地区资源环境承载力、生态弹性力持续下降和人类社会影响力上升是构成该区生态承载力下降的主要原因。在过去近10年间,资源环境承载力处于“不健康”状态;生态弹性力等级由“亚健康”下降至“不健康”;人类社会影响力由“病态”等级变为“不健康”等级,基于以上三者综合分析,近10年生态承载力总体为“亚健康”状态。     

Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in suspected diarrhoeic buffaloes and cattle reporting at Veterinary University in India

Murrah buffaloes, best breed for milk production are native of Haryana state. They contributes significantly to the farmer’s income, livelihood and food (milk and meat) security, in the semi-tropical regions of North India. Johne’s disease though endemic in the domestic livestock of the country, but reports are not available in the buffaloes suffering from morbidity due to progressive weakness and diarrhoea. We estimated the status of JD in diarrhoeic buffaloes and cattle reporting at Veterinary Clinical Complex of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India, using conventional, serological and PCR assays.141 buffaloes suffering from chronic diarrhoea were screened to estimate sero-prevalence of MAP and 50.0 % young and 53.52 % adult animals were positive. Of 14 cattle screened, none of the young and 66.6 % adult cows were positive. In buffaloes, 66.1 and 6.77 %, fecal samples were positive in microscopy and IS900 PCR, respectively. Sero-prevalence of JD was very high in diarrhoeic buffaloes and cattle from Haryana state of India.Buffaloes positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection had reduced total leukocyte count and lymphocytes.     

Effect of dietary fish oil intake on ubiquitin ligase expression during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice

Dietary fish oil intake improves muscle atrophy in several atrophy models however the effect on denervation‐induced muscle atrophy is not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil intake on muscle atrophy and the expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice. We performed histological and quantitative mRNA expression analysis of muscle atrophy markers in mice fed with fish oil with sciatic nerve denervation. Histological analysis indicated that dietary fish oil intake slightly prevented the decrease of muscle fiber diameter induced by denervation treatment. In addition, dietary fish oil intake suppressed the MuRF1 (tripartite motif‐containing 63) expression up‐regulated by denervation treatment, and this was due to decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) production in skeletal muscle. We concluded that dietary fish oil intake suppressed MuRF1 expression by decreasing TNF‐α production during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice.     

施肥对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响

采用“3414”二次回归设计，研究了N、P、K肥配施对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响。结果表明，磷肥的增产作用最大，其次为钾肥，氮肥的影响最小；最高产量预期值达到578．55kg／hm^2的最佳施肥方案：氮肥81．0-114．75kg／hm^2，磷肥218．75-262．0kg／hm^2，钾肥96．0-138．0kg／hm^2，氮、磷、钾比例为N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．76，2．08：1．17-1．33.     

HMGCR基因多态性与肉牛屠宰性状相关性分析

MHGCR是胆固醇生物合成过程中的限速酶,在内源胆固醇生物合成过程中起着重要的作用。研究以牛HMGCR基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和测序技术在利杂牛、利西杂牛、秦川牛、西杂牛和夏西杂牛五个群体共123个个体中检测遗传变异情况。结果表明,检测到AA和AB共2种基因型,没有发现BB基因型,测序分析发现一处SNP多态位点(GenBank:BC153262.1 11137TC)。不同基因型与屠宰性状的相关性分析显示,在利西杂群体中AA基因型个体与AB基因型个体相比,AA基因型个体的屠宰率和牛柳指标达到了极显著水平(P0.01),而AA基因型的上脑重显著高于AB基因型(P0.05),其余各项指标基因型间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,HMGCR基因单核苷酸多态性对利西杂牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响屠宰性状的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。