丹参药渣栽培糙皮侧耳和毛头鬼伞

采用不同比例丹参(Salviae miltiorrhiza)药渣替代玉米芯对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)、毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)供试菌株进行栽培实验.经栽培收获两茬子实体,分别对不同配方两个菌种的菌丝长速、单位料重产量、生物学效率等指标进行统计分析.结果表明:在单位料重产量及生物学效率表现上,随培养料中所含丹参药渣比例增加而增加;在菌丝长速表现上则相反.经丹参药渣、玉米芯的碳氮比分析(28.5∶1;88.1∶1)得知,栽培料中随药渣含量的增加氮素含量相应提高(碳氮比55.27∶1～27.44∶1,氮含量为0.76％～2.43％),成为两个菌种产量增加的主要原因.     

斑点叉尾鲴嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生在四川、重庆等省市的斑点叉尾妇急性流行性传染病病鱼的肝脏、肾脏内分离到1株高致病性菌株（CCF00024），人工感染健康鱼表现出与自然痛鱼相同的症状，并从中分离获得同种细菌，证实其为斑点叉尾鲴急性流行性传染病的病原菌。形态、生理生化检测表明，该菌为非发酵型直杆菌，严格需氧，革兰氏阴性，极生多鞭毛，对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不利用产酸，氧化酶阴性，DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性，MR、VP阴性。在以该菌16SrDNA序列（GenBank登录号AY970826）和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16SrDNA序列构建的系统发育树中，分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）聚在一簇，特剐是与5．maltophiliaM5—1的同源性最高，序列相似性达99．6％，结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）。药敏试验结果表明，对磺胺甲口恶唑、磺胺异口恶唑、阿齐霉素、洛美沙星高度敏感，而对新霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢唑啉、先锋霉素V和链霉素不敏感。     

High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.     

利用16S rRNA全长序列鉴定植物乳杆菌

从标明含有嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌胶囊中分离到一株乳杆菌Lal菌株，利用16S rRNA全序列分析法和传统分类法对Lal菌株进行分类鉴定表明：Lal菌株属于植物乳杆菌种新株系，该菌株现在已经被中国科学院北京微生物所菌种保藏中心收录保存，编号为ASl．2986。     

基于B/S模式无纸化考试系统的设计与实现

本文给出了基于B/S结构的无纸化考试系统的设计模型,并从设计思路、开发环境、系统功能以及几个关键技术等方面进行了阐述,最后给出有待进一步研究的问题.     

猪CACNA1S基因的多态性与胴体及肉质性状的相关分析

以金华猪（40头）、皮特兰猪（30头）及其杂交产生的金皮F2代资源猪群（126头）为材料,对钙离子通道主亚基α1的编码基因（CACNA1S）第44外显子A187G突变、第37内含子A37G突变、T179C突变作PCR—RFLP检测（内切酶依次为Cfr42Ⅰ、XbaⅠ、Eco72Ⅰ）,分析其对胴体及肉质性状的遗传效应。结果表明：酶切位点Eeo72J的AA基因型对眼肌面积和肉色（L）存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）,BB基因型对后腿肌肉重存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）和大腿pH存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）;位点Xba Ⅰ对背膘厚（中）存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）,但AA、AB、BB基因型间效应差异不显著（P〉0．05）;位点Cfr 42Ⅰ仅在金华、皮特兰纯种猪群中存在多态性,而在屠宰猪群金皮F2代则表现为BB单态型。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒山西分离株S基因遗传变异分析

为分析山西地区猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的遗传变异情况,试验利用RT-PCR方法对2014-2015年山西省疑似猪流行性腹泻的阳性病料进行克隆和测序,获得4个S基因片段,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行比对分析。序列分析结果显示,4株PEDV山西分离株的S基因与CV777 vaccine相比,在170~171 bp之间插入12个核苷酸,在401~402、454~455 bp之间均插入3个核苷酸,在461~468 bp之间缺失6个核苷酸。4株PEDV山西分离株S基因之间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.2%~99.8%和98.6%~99.7%,与2011-2015年中国流行毒株、CV777 vaccine、attenuated DR13、CV777的核苷酸同源性分别95.0%~98.5%、93.2%~93.6%、93.2%~93.7%、93.7%~94.4%,氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~98.9%、91.9%~92.6%、92.1%~92.9%、92.9%~94.0%。遗传进化树分析结果表明,PEDV S基因分为3个群,4株PEDV山西分离株属于第一群,与2010年以后国内流行毒株（除AH-M、SQ2014）的亲缘关系较近,与2010年以前中国流行毒株、2个日本株、7个韩国株、2个疫苗株的亲缘关系较远。研究结果提示山西省流行的PEDV发生较明显的变异,需研发新的疫苗来控制PEDV的暴发。     

瑞香狼毒化学成分抑制PC-12细胞神经突起生长活性研究

对瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)的化学成分进行研究,采用硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱、高效液相色谱等多种色谱手段对瑞香狼毒的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,利用NMR、MS波谱分析鉴定3个木质素、1个二萜原酸酯、3个双黄酮、2个黄酮。枇杷素(5)、异落叶松树脂醇(7)和(-)-落叶松树脂醇(8)为首次从该植物中分离得到。PC-12细胞活性试验表明,双黄酮类化合物(狼毒色原酮(2),新狼毒素B(3),异新狼毒素A(4))对NGF依赖的PC-12细胞突起生长有较强的抑制活性(P<0.05)。     

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

草鱼铜绿假单胞菌的鉴定及药物敏感性分析

从患病草鱼C tenopharyngodon idella体表病灶上分离到一株优势菌,经分离纯化培养制成细菌悬液,分别以腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式感染草鱼。结果表明：该菌株能感染草鱼,且具较强毒力,腹腔注射0.2mL该菌液（3×109cfu/mL）,可导致受试草鱼100%死亡;创伤浸泡感染（3×108cfu/mL）,死亡率也达100%,受感染鱼出现与自然感染相似的类似赤皮病症状。对该病菌进行形态特征观察和主要理化特性分析,初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudom onas aeruginosa。进一步对该菌进行分子鉴定,共选用16S rRNA、RNA聚合酶β亚单位（rpoB）和促旋酶亚单位蛋白（gyrB）3个基因进行鉴定分析。序列克隆与BLAST分析结果显示,这3个基因均与GenBank上登录的铜绿假单胞菌的相应序列具有很高的同源性,16S rRNA、rpoB和gyrB基因与已知铜绿假单胞菌相应序列的同源性分别在99%、98%和93%以上。综合生理生化与分子鉴定结果,可判定所分离的菌株为铜绿假单胞菌。药敏试验结果显示：该菌对阿米卡星、菌必治、氟哌酸和妥布霉素等11种药物高度敏感,对链霉素和庆大霉素中度敏感,对罗红霉素、红霉素、四环素、苯唑青霉素、新霉素和头孢氨苄等16种药物具有耐药性。