红豆杉香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因克隆分析

20碳单位的香叶基香叶基焦磷酸是紫杉醇生物合成的直接前体,它由香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶催化生成。采用RT-PCR技术从高原植物西藏红豆杉中克隆了编码香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因,命名为TwGGPPS（GenBank登录号：DQ364604）。该基因编码区长为1182bp,编码393个氨基酸的多肽;生物信息学分析表明TwGGPPS定位于质体,在其氨基端具有长为18个氨基酸的质体转运肽;TwGGPPS属于异戊烯基转运酶家族,具有该酶家族特有的2个天冬氨酸富集基序;分子系统进化分析表明植物的GGPPS分为被子植物和裸子植物2种类型,TwGGPPS属于裸子植物类型的GGPPS;对TwGGPPS的蛋白质结构模拟分析结果表明,TwGGPPS由大量的α-螺旋通过随机卷曲连接而成,这些α-螺旋环绕形成一个袋状空腔,其空腔口部为底物结合与碳链延伸的活性部位。对TwGGPPS基因组结构的分析表明该基因没有内含子。该基因的克隆和分析为实现紫杉醇的基因工程提供了一个重要的基因和作用靶点。     

红豆杉香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因克隆分析

20碳单位的香叶基香叶基焦磷酸是紫杉醇生物合成的直接前体,它由香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶催化生成.采用RT-PCR技术从高原植物西藏红豆杉中克隆了编码香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因,命名为TwGGPPS(Gen-Bank登录号:DQ 364604).该基因编码区长为1 182 bp,编码393个氨基酸的多肽;生物信息学分析表明TwGGPPS定位于质体,在其氨基端具有长为18个氨基酸的质体转运肽;TwGGPPS属于异戊烯基转运酶家族,具有该酶家族特有的2个天冬氨酸富集基序;分子系统进化分析表明植物的GGPPS分为被子植物和裸子植物2种类型,TwGGPPS属于裸子植物类型的GGPPS;对TwGGPPS的蛋白质结构模拟分析结果表明,TwGGPPS由大量的α-螺旋通过随机卷曲连接而成,这些α-螺旋环绕形成一个袋状空腔,其空腔口部为底物结合与碳链延伸的活性部位.对TwGGPPS基因组结构的分析表明该基因没有内含子.该基因的克隆和分析为实现紫杉醇的基因工程提供了一个重要的基因和作用靶点.     

Parasitic plant in natural Boswellia papyrifera stands at Humera,Northern Ethiopia

In Boswellia papyrifera （Del.） Hochst natural stands, we stud- ied the association of parasitic plants with B. papyrifera trees from which frankincense was tapped and marketed for domestic and export markets. Data on the rate of infection of parasitic plants on B. papyrifera was collected in three transects located at separate locations around Baha kar, northern Ethiopia. Each transect had ten circular sample plots of 400 m2 and separated by 100 m. Species composition, DBH, height, crown di- ameter, number of main, secondary and tertiary branches and number of parasitic plants on individual trees were recorded. Sixteen tree species were recorded in the combined sample plots. The parasitic plant associ- ated with B. papyrifera was identified as Tapinanthus globiferus. This parasite infected 38% of Boswellia trees in sample plots. The infection rate of the parasitic plant varied from 1 to 33 per Boswellia tree. The infection of T. globiferus on B. papyrifera was predominantly limited to tertiary small branchlets arising from secondary branches; parasitic plants were absent on thick main and secondary branches. In all plots, infectionof T. globiferus was exclusively limited to Boswellia trees. The influence of T. globiferus parasitism on growth of Boswellia trees and its influence on yield of incense production needs further investigation. Management of natural stands for frankincense production should include measures to reduce infection by T. globiferus.     

香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

对香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究,建立了种苗快速繁殖技术规程.结果：适宜的增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA为0.5～1.0 mg/ L,继代周期为25～30 d,繁殖系数5以上;生根培养基为1/ 2MS＋IBA 0.2 mg/ L,生根诱导率达100 %;生根培养20 d后,将试管苗移栽到菜园土：河沙=1：1的混合基质中,保湿培养,移栽成活率达98.6 %.     

天竺葵的栽培技术要点

天竺葵又叫洋绣球、八腊红。花期相当长，从当年10月至次年6月，盛花期4～5月。按花色可分红、桃红、玖红、肉红、白色等。其他的栽培种还有大花天竺葵、盾叶天竺葵、香叶天竺葵、麝香天竺葵、马蹄纹天竺葵等。     

香叶天竺葵种植试验探索

在重庆进行了香叶天竺葵的种植试验,结果表明,2月下旬至3月下旬和9月下旬至11月下旬为扦插的最好时期;直插成的幼龄园比插后移栽成的幼龄园产叶量更高;作垄栽培大大优于不作垄栽培;种植密度以40 cm×40 cm和50 cm×50 cm较好;栽培土以壤土优于砂土、粘土.此外,还作了香叶的采收和精油提取工序的试验.     

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)GGPPS基因小亚基的克隆及表达分析

香叶基焦磷酸(geranyl pyrophosphate,GPP)是单萜的前体物质,而单萜是栀子内重要的活性成分。香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合酶(GGPPS)在萜类化合物、类胡萝卜素类化合物生物合成中处于关键位置,GGPPS主要分为香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶大亚基(GGPPSlsu)和香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶小亚基(GGPPSssu)。为了研究栀子GGPPS基因在栀子萜类生物合成中的作用,本研究成功从栀子品种‘林海一号’中提取RNA反转录合成cDNA,根据转录组测序拼接结果设计引物扩增得到栀子GGPPSssu的cDNA序列,分别命名为GjGGPPSssu1和GjGGPPSssu2,ORF区分别为1053 bp和915 bp。通过构建基因进化树,栀子GGPPSssu基因和其他植物的GGPPSssu基因聚为一类,属于香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶小亚基基因。通过蛋白质序列比对表明GjGGPPSssu1有一个CxxxC(x为碱性氨基酸)的保守基元和一个FARM的保守基元,没有SARM保守基元,与SSUⅡ类基因相似;GjGGPPSssu2有两个CxxxC的保守基元,没有FARM保守基元和SARM保守基元,与SSUⅠ类基因相似。荧光定量PCR试验结果表明,GjGGPPSssu1在T4和T5时期有较高的表达水平,GjGGPPSssu2在栀子各生长时期的根部和果实中有较高水平的表达。推测GjGGPPSssu1基因与栀子黄色素合成相关,GjGGPPSssu2基因与单萜合成相关。本研究初步解析了栀子GGPPS基因的功能,为提高栀子药用品质提供了理论依据。     

香叶树挥发油、油脂等主要成分分析

The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg^-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g^-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.     

不同浓度IAA对香叶树扦插生根的影响

2012年2月在昆明市宜良花园林场苗圃地,用浓度为100 mg/L、200 mg/L、300 mg/L、400 mg/L的生长调节剂吲哚乙酸(IAA)溶液浸泡香叶树插穗24 h,以清水处理作为对照,设5个处理,每个处理插穗100枝,4次重复,共2 000枝。3个月后对其苗木生根率、平均生根数、平均根长进行统计。结果表明,4种浓度的IAA处理香叶树插穗显著优于清水对照,其中100 mg/L的IAA处理插穗最好,其平均生根数为14,生根率为93.54%,平均根长为5.35 cm,较其他IAA处理插穗3项指标为最好。其次为200 mg/L的IAA处理插穗,其平均生根数为12,生根率为90.33%,平均根长为4.87 cm。最差的为清水对照,平均生根数为2,生根率为35.67%,平均根长为1.03 cm。