光合细菌的营养功能及在养鸡上的应用

光合细菌（Photosynthetic bacteria,简称PSB）是具有原始光能合成体系的原核生物的总称。PSB包括产氧光合细菌（蓝细菌）和不产氧光合细菌两大部分．在实际中应用的大部分是不产氧型光合细菌。它广泛存在于自然界的水田、湖泊、江河、海洋,活性污泥及土壤内,是一类以光作为能源、能在厌氧光照或好氧黑暗条件下利用自然界中的有机物、硫化物、氨等作为供氢体兼碳源进行光合作用的微生物。     

黑虎泉及白石泉泉水中细菌总数的检测

黑虎泉属于泉城济南的七十二名泉之一,很多游客慕名品尝。随着环境污染的加剧,泉水还能饮用吗?本实验利用平板菌落计数法测定了黑虎泉泉水、白石泉泉水和黑虎泉直饮水中细菌总数,为泉水的饮用提供参考依据。结果显示,黑虎泉泉水和白石泉泉水细菌总数超过国家饮用水标准,不适合直接饮用。而黑虎泉直饮水的细菌总数符合国家饮用水标准,可以直接饮用。     

综合治理兽药残留

2016年,农业部将推进修订《兽药管理条例》;严格监督执法,严厉打击兽药违法违规行为;实施兽药二维码管理制度,强化兽药全程可追溯管理;狠抓兽药残留监控和细菌耐药性监测,淘汰安全风险隐患品种;编印兽用抗菌药安全使用指南,切实提高     

养殖鱼类常见细菌性疾病的防治

对常见的养殖鱼类细菌性疾病,包括爆发性出血病、肠炎病、烂鳃病和赤皮病进行了简单分析,提出了相应的防治措施.     

中国东南部红壤地区不同植被对土壤侵蚀和土壤养分的影响

The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF), citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br). The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr > BP > CF > FL > Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP, TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers. However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.     

伊朗西部不同土地利用方式下钙质土壤疏水性研究

Soil wettability and water repellency, two important soil physical properties, play an important role in water retention and water conductivity in arid and semi-arid regions. To date, there is a lack of information on soil water repellency in calcareous soils of western lran. In this study, soil water repellency and its affecting factors were studied using 20 soil series collected from Hamadan Province~ western Iran. The effects of soil properties including organic carbon content （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, C：N ratio, texture, CaCO3 content, and both fungal and bacterial activities on water repellency were investigated using air-dried, oven-dried and heated soil samples. Water repellency index （WRI） was determined using the short-time sorptivity （water/ethanol） method. To distinguish the actual effects of SOC, a set of soil samples were heated at 300 ~C to remove SOC and then WRI was measured on the heated samples. Relative water repellency index （RWRI） was defined as the change of WRI due to heating relative to the oven-dry WRI value. Results of the WRI values showed that the soils were sub-critically water-repellent. Pasture soils had higher WRI values compared to tilled soils, resulting from high SOC and TN, and high activities of bacteria and fungi. It was observed that SOC, TN, fungal activity, and SOC：clay ratio had significant positive impacts on WRI. Strong positive correlations of RWRI with SOC, TN and fungal activity were also observed. Pedotransfer functions derived for predicting WRI showed that the WRI values had an increasing trend with the increases in fungal activity, salinity, alkalinity and fine clay content, but showed a decreasing trend with increasing bacterial activity.     

猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒继发细菌感染病例的实验室诊断

猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征(PRRS)是严重危害养猪业的病毒性传染病之一。实验采集临床疑似猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病死猪的脏器组织,应用分子生物学和细菌学方法进行实验室确诊。经荧光RT-PCR检测,该病例确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染所致;经细菌分离鉴定和耐药性分析,该病例继发革兰氏阳性球菌感染,头孢氨噻肟对该致病菌抑制效果较好。     

低磷胁迫对番茄根系生长及根际土壤细菌多样性的影响

以低磷胁迫和平衡施肥处理的番茄根系及根际土壤为研究对象,采用WinRHIZO根系分析系统、稀释平板法、PCR-DGGE等分析技术,研究低磷胁迫对番茄根系生长、根际土壤生物学特性以及细菌多样性的影响。结果表明：低磷胁迫导致番茄根系总根长、总根表面积、总根体积和根尖数减少;导致根际土壤中可培养微生物（细菌、真菌和放线菌）数量、酶活性、微生物生物量（C、N、P）以及细菌的多样性指数（H）、丰富度（S）和均匀度指数（Eh）等表征土壤肥力及健康状态的指标下降;导致部分诸如甲基杆菌属（Methylobacterium sp.）等具有溶磷功能的菌群缺失;平衡施肥对番茄的正常生长和提升土壤肥力以及维护土壤健康具有极其重要的作用。     

花生根际解磷真菌的分离及其解磷能力研究

[目的]分离花生根际解磷真菌及测定其解磷能力。[方法]利用土壤稀释平板法,从花生根际土壤中分离筛选出解磷真菌PFK-2,接种于以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的液体培养基,振荡培养24、48、72、96、120、144、168 h时测定培养液的pH值、速效磷含量、菌丝混合物重。[结果]随着培养时间的增加,培养液pH值先降低后升高,菌株的溶磷量先增加后降低,菌丝混合物重量增加,当培养时间为120 h时,培养液pH值最低,速效磷含量最大。培养液pH值与菌丝重、菌株的溶磷量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。[结论]在振荡培养120 h时,溶磷真菌PFK-2的解磷效果最佳。     

蜂病防治经验琐谈

1　防重于治养蜂专家沈育初先生 ,曾多次撰写有关蜜蜂病虫害防治的文章 ,强调防重于治是饲养强群的关键。蜂群发病初期用肉眼是很难看清楚的 ,当看到小蜂螨在子脾上“跑马” ;大蜂螨在成蜂体上爬行 ;白垩子在巢门前堆积 ;幼蜂、成蜂四处爬行……这时的蜂群早已致病 ,若此时才用药物治疗 ,为时太晚。即使能治愈 ,然而得花大力气 ,而且会伤蜂 ,损蜂减收。我称之为“事倍功半”。2　治疗蜜蜂病虫害应坚持治标治本 ,标本兼顾的原则蜜蜂与人和动物一样常被细菌、病毒和寄生虫侵害。弄清病因后 ,施用药物杀灭细菌、病毒 ,杀死寄生虫的同时也杀死了…