建国三十五年来我国麻类作物科研的主要成就

我国麻类作物种类繁多,栽培历史悠久,种植地域广阔,经验丰富。主要麻类作物有苎麻、亚麻、大麻、黄麻、红麻、青麻、龙舌兰麻(主要是剑麻)等,其中苎麻、青麻原产我国,大麻、黄麻我国是原产地之一。麻类作物的纤维具有拉力大,吸湿性强,散水、散热快,耐腐等优点,是纺织衣着、麻袋、制作绳索、渔网、纸张等理想的     

推荐一种垄沟深松刀

大豆、玉米等作物的垄作种植地块的第一遍耥地作业可用垄沟深松所代替,深度不打破土壤的犁底层,有引墒抗旱和渗水防涝的双向调节功能,开出的沟槽还是后期的耥地及追施颗粒(化)肥的培土等作业所用的铲片之头部入土的位置。图1所示的垄沟深松刀可在社会保有量大的16.2kW以上的小四轮拖拉机上配用三组。耕宽22mm,耕深可达270mm,深松作业的功能性作用也很显著。     

无公害玉米栽培技术

一、选地与整地玉米是喜肥水的作物,在土壤肥力较高的地块种植更能发挥其增产潜力。因此应选择中等肥力以上、土壤疏松的地块种植,忌重茬。种植地块应在前茬作物收获后,及时进行深松作业,深松深度30～35cm。松后采用重耙耙透、耙细、耙碎,如有条件可采用秋起垄夹肥,达播种状态。二、合理施肥玉米是需肥较多的作物,施N、P、K纯量比为1∶1.5∶0.3。一般公顷施尿素90kg作基肥,在玉米拔节期或大喇叭口期公顷追施尿素75kg,增产效果显著,可减少玉米秃尖,保证了玉米生育中后期氮肥的均衡供应。     

中国苜蓿育成品种遗传多样性及亲缘关系研究

以苜蓿的种子贮藏蛋白的多态性为研究指标，对中国14个审定登记的苜蓿育成品种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：蛋白单体的分子量介于21．2～85．1kD之间，蛋白单体电泳图谱多态性品种间无显著的特异性；在参试的14个育成品种中。品种内基因多样性平均值(Hs)为0.3136，总基因多样度(Hτ)为0．3741．基因分化系数(GST)为0．162；以λ=3.700为标准划分。14个育成品种划分为六个组群。各组群划分结果主要与参试品种的亲本来源有关，而与其种植地、育种地关系不大。     

预防地膜棉早衰早死措施

威县地处冀南平原,是国家优质棉基地县,年种植地膜棉60多万亩,近年地膜棉花早衰早死现象严重,每年不同程度的早衰早死面积10万亩左右,平均亩减产籽棉50kg左右,损失严重。根据威县的生态条件和地膜棉花的生育特点,既防止早衰早死,又保证及早成熟的主要措施是:1轮作倒茬,清洁棉田     

生如夏花

2008年的春天,我们来到了云南大理鹤庆的黄坪镇。虽说这里是一个名不见经传的小镇,但街道干净,铺面整齐,整个空间充满了都市所没有的宁静与和谐。美中不足的是环抱这个小镇的不是植被丰厚的巍峨群山,而是已被人为破坏了的难寻绿色的荒山,满眼的凄     

Heavy Metal Content in Chinese Vegetable Plantation Land Soils and Related Source Analysis

According to the previous literature published since 1989, statistical analysis for reported data on the heavy metals in Chinese vegetable plantation soils was carried out systematically in this article. The purpose of this investigation was to study the status of heavy metal content in vegetable land soils systematically through objective assessment to promote the development of vegetable production with high quality and efficiency. It is concluded that Zn, Cr, Cu had relatively high concentrations while the mean concentrations of toxic metals, As, Hg, Cd were 8.03, 0.12, 0.28 mg·kg^-1, respectively with comparatively low concentrations in Chinese vegetable land. Comparing to Clainese Soil Quality Criterion GB 15618- 1995 （6.5 〈 pH 〈 7.5）, about 24.1, 10.3, and 9.2% of the total samples was contaminated by Cd, Hg, and As, respectively, and the descending order of heavy metals was Cd 〉 Hg 〉 As 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Cr 〉 Pb. When compared among different regions, the more serious heavy metal contamination was found in the vegetable land of eastern China and the main contamination elements were Cd, Hg, and Zn. In the mid region, vegetable plantation land soil was mainly polluted by As and Cd, as well as by Hg, Zn, and Cu, to some extent. In the west region of China, Cd and As contamination was also observed to some degree, along with few soil samples exceeding the grade Ⅱ level of GB 15618-1995 （6.5 〈 pH 〈 7.5） for Cu, Cr, and Hg content. Compared to the five vegetable plantation land patterns, the highest concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Zn occurred in the industrial/sewage irrigation vegetable land, especially for Hg with 2.36 mg·kg^-1 content averagely, which is 10.5-21.1 times higher than the other four types of vegetable lands. The highest concentration of Cn and Cr occurred in the greenhouse vegetable land soils, and urban vegetable land soil had the highest Pb content in comparison with the other types of vegetable plantation land patterns. By analyzing heavy metal content under differe     

马铃薯高产栽培技术

1品种选择 根据种植地的环境条件、气候特点及种植季节来选择不同适应的品种。种薯质量要求纯度高、芽眼充实、健康无病虫、新鲜无破伤的抗病、优质、高产、商品性好的优良品种。目前,塔城选用品种为垄薯5号、垄薯6号、新大坪等品种。     

我国黄麻品种资源主要类型与经济性状的研究

我国是黄麻起源地之一，栽培历史悠久，种植地域广阔，品种类型丰富。建国后，各有关科研单位先后开展了黄麻品种资源的搜集、保存，鉴定和利用的研究。对开发利用和加速新品种选育，发展黄麻生产起了积极作用。     

网络“致富经”——记夏津县东李镇地瓜大王王振

王振,夏津县新民志远薯类合作社理事长。一个很普通的80后农村青年,2002年退伍后开始自己创业,贩卖过地瓜、跑过棉花、开过服装店、在济南大学门口卖过水果,却因为经验不足最后以失败告终。而今,他却通过种植地瓜成了致富带头人。站点里淘到第一桶金2003年,他随着南下的打工热潮涌进城里,三年的打工生涯并没有磨灭他创业的细胞和想法,在上海打工期间第一次接触了电子商务这个网络平台,2010年,辞职返乡后在家种起了地瓜,