石油钻井机械中液压技术的应用分析

随着液压技术的不断发展,电液控制技术在石油钻井机械中的应用愈加广泛.与传统的机械传动技术相比,液压技术得益于其优异特性在石油钻井机械的传输和部件承载承压方面发挥着重要作用.文章主要分析了石油钻井机械中的液压技术应用情况.     

沈利 追求艺术的脚步从未停歇

姓名:沈利生日:3月31日籍贯:辽宁身高:165CM毕业院校:沈阳音乐学院民族声乐系本科中央民族大学音乐学院硕士研究生爱好:书法,看书,看电影,运动演艺经历:2000年全国石油系统青年歌手电视大奖赛金奖2002年首届全国行业金曲MTV大赛金奖2006年CCTV第十二届央视青年歌手电视大奖赛荧屏奖、北京赛区优秀奖2006年和谐中华首届全国少数民族双语声乐大赛一等奖全国残疾儿童基金会,陕北希望工程,全国残联公益晚会等捐款义演     

Implications of crude oil pollution on natural regeneration of plant species in an oil-producing community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

The study evaluated the impact of crude oil pollution on natural regeneration of plant species in a major oil-producing community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three sites—unpolluted site(US), polluted and untreated site(PUS), and polluted and treated site(PTS)—were purposively chosen for the study. The seedling emergence method was used to evaluate soil seed banks in the various sites at two depths, 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. Woody-plant species richness, abundance, and diversity were higher in the US seed bank than in the PUS and PTS seed banks. The highest number of non-woody plants was observed in the US, followed by the PTS, and then the PUS. Both species richness and diversity of non-woody plants were highest at the US, followed by the PUS, and lowest in the PTS. Woody species in the US seed bank were 87.5% and 80% dissimilar with those of the PUS and PTS at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm respectively. No variation was observed between woody species in the PUS and PTS seed banks. Non-woody species at 0-10 cm US seed bank were 73.08% dissimilar with those of PUS at the two soil depths and 81.48/88.46% dissimilar with those of the 0–10/10–20 cm of the PTS respectively. At 10–20 cm, non-woody species of the US were 69.66% dissimilar with those from each of the two soil depths in PUS; and 73.91/81.82% dissimilar with those of 0–10/10–20 cm of the PTS respectively. Non-woody species variation between the PUS and PTS was higher at 10–20 cm than 0–10 cm. The poor seed bank attributes at the polluted sites demonstrates that crude oil pollution negatively affected the natural regeneration potential of the native flora because soil seed banks serve as the building blocks for plant succession. Thorough remediation and enrichment planting are recommended to support the recovery process of vegetation in the polluted areas.     

冻土环境下泄漏油污的微生物修复

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.     

燃料电池用新型质子变换膜

当今世界由能源引发的三大问题是:由于燃烧矿物燃料,全球气候变暖日益加速;世界很多城市的市内空气质量下降;与依赖石油进口相关的地缘政治不稳定日益加剧。这三大问题的解决促使各国的能源政策转向氢能源。而"能源革命"是以绿色能源利用     

从石油农业到沼气农业:一条农业可持续发展的道路

石油农业以牺牲资源、生态和环境为代价,具有不可持续性。沼气农业是一种资源节约、环境友好的循环农业和生态农业。在科学发展观的指导下,我们需要加快农业由石油模式向沼气模式的转变,推动我国农业的可持续发展。     

海外能源并购年

2009年,中国的原油产量达到创纪录的1．89亿吨,占世界原油总产量的5．4％,一举超越伊朗,成为仅次于俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、美国之后的全球第四大原油生产国。但不容乐观的是,中国的原油消耗量也创了记录,2009年全年中国石油消耗量达3．93亿吨,是继美国之后的世界第二大石油消费国,     

作者介绍

潘家华 教授级高级工程师,我国管道工程断裂力学专家,1930年生,1952年毕业于原北洋大学机械系,1991年第一批享受国务院政府特殊津贴。曾在清华大学、北京石油学院任教,现为中国石油集团公司咨询中心成员,中国石油管道公司、中国石油天然气管道局、中国石油西气东输管道公司高级顾问,上海交通大学、天津大学、中国石油大学、中国人民解放军后勤工程学院、抚顺石油学院教授,中科院金属研究所客座研究员,《油气储运》杂志社1～6届编委会主任。长期从事长输管道勘察、设计、建设、运行管理、技术研究以及重大事故处理工作。     

全球天然橡胶供给短缺状态将持续到2014年

据橡胶产业分析家称,虽然不断增加投资以扩大天然橡胶生产,但全球天然橡胶供应紧张状况仍可能会持续到2014年,天然橡胶供给的严重短缺必将推动天然橡胶价格的继续上扬。同时石油产品（合成橡胶生产主要原料）的价格暴涨,也可能进一步增加对天然橡胶的需求并且提高天然橡胶的价格。目前,泰国3号烟片胶的现货交易价已经从2001年的569．7美元/吨猛涨到2007年底的2270美元/吨。     

我国食用油存战略隐患：国际巨头垄断生产加工

继全球石油安全、粮食安全之后,食用油安全又成为一个事关国家战略的新课题。目前中国食用油的战略安全隐患,不仅表现在原材料供应环节上种植面积的急剧减少,更存在于生产和加工环节上国际巨头的垄断,以及高达60％以上的进口依存度。