半湿润地区公园绿地径流收集灌溉利用成本研究

  目的  为探索半湿润地区城市公园绿地海绵城市建设的可行性和经济性,为设计师和决策者提供经济层面的决策参考,本文以雨水径流收集灌溉利用的成本效益为研究内容,以河北省迁安市滨湖东路已建成集雨型绿地为研究对象,研究半湿润地区公园绿地径流收集灌溉利用成本。  方法  根据场地径流量确定雨水调蓄池容积,基于2014—2021年逐日实测降雨数据和2022—2024年预测降雨数据,利用容积法测算年收集径流量,对比绿地完全用自来水灌溉成本和用收集径流与自来水共同灌溉成本,得到节约成本,并对比建设成本和维护成本得出建设效益。  结果  基于2014—2021年的实际降雨数据和2022—2024年的预测降雨数据与建设成本测算,在汇水面积为155.37 hm2、灌溉面积为151.410 hm2时,以解决径流为目的,从长期效益出发,调蓄池规模最佳选择方案为3 000 m3,年平均节约灌溉费用101 114.15元,年平均效益65 424.15元。  结论  半湿润地区径流收集灌溉利用具有一定效益,基于某个时间段内植物的灌溉需求量作为径流收集的标准,可明显减少建设成本,增加径流利用效率。      

FAO发布新报告提出促进非木质林产品数据收集的措施

据联合国粮农组织(FAO)报道,FAO发布一份新报告,提出相关措施和意见,旨在改善非木质林产品数据收集,以更好地了解非木质林产品对人民生计的贡献。这份题为《国际统计体系中的非木质林产品》的报告旨在从整体上提高非木质林产品国际统计数据的可得性和质量,从而能提供确切的证据,帮助决策者进行科学的决策。多数情况下,坚果、蘑菇、药草、香料、芳香植物和野味等非木质林产品的生产和贸易多限于非正式部门,因此其国际贸易和生产数据大量缺失。即使有数据,通常也不完整,无法在国家之间进行对比.     

辽宁省大板镇海棠资源圃营建过程

野生海棠是阜新乡土树种,本文对阜新及周边地区5处海棠主要栽培区域进行调查和收集,以苗木方式收集到海棠种质资源12个品种,保存株数20000株,从选址、区划、营造、苗木、栽植、抚育管理、基础设施建设等方面介绍了阐述营建海棠资源圃的全过程。     

Evaluation of different approaches to individual tree growth and survival modelling using data collected at irregular intervals - a case study for Pinus patula in Kenya

Background： The minimum set of sub-models for simulating stand dynamics on an individual-tree basis consists of tree-level models for diameter increment and survival. Ingrowth model is a necessary third component in uneven-aged management. The development of this type of model set needs data from permanent plots, in which all trees have been numbered and measured at regular intervals for diameter and survival. New trees passing the ingrowth limit should also be numbered and measured. Unfortunately, few datasets meet all these requirements. The trees may not have numbers or the length of the measurement interval varies. Ingrowth trees may not have been measured, or the number tags may have disappeared causing errors in tree identification. Methods： This article discussed and demonstrated the use of an optimization-based approach to individual-tree growth modelling, which makes it possible to utilize data sets having one or several of the above deficiencies. The idea is to estimate all parameters of the sub-models of a growth simulator simultaneously in such a way that, when simulation begins from the diameter distribution at the first measurement occasion, it yields a similar ending diameter distribution as measured in the second measurement occasion. The method was applied to Pinus patula permanent sample plot data from Kenya. In this dataset, trees were correctly numbered and identified but measurement interval varied from 1 to 13 years. Two simple regression approaches were used and compared to the optimization-based model recovery approach. Results： The optimization-based approach resulted in far more accurate simulations of stand basal area and number of surviving trees than the equations fitted through regression analysis. Conclusions： The optimization-based modelling approach can be recommended for growth modelling when the modelling data have been collected at irregular measurement intervals.     

借鉴国外ITQ管理经验促进我省渔业管理的发展

本文收集国内外有关ITQ管理的资料，介绍了ITQ管理制度的特点和实施该制度应具备的一些必要条件。ITQ制度能有效地保护渔业资源，减少政府过多的行政干预，抑制过度投资，体现市场为导向的资源分配方式和有偿使用渔业资源等特点。同时，总结了新西兰实施ITQ制度对渔业产业结构、资源保护和社会经济方面的影响。最后，对我省实施ITQ管理的可能性和渔业管理上采取的相应措施提出了建议。     

海河水系鱼类资源调查

<正> 海河是华北的主要水系之一,由大小支流300余条组成,汇集于天津后始称海河。海河的鱼类资源历来处于自然增殖,无人管理状态,水产资源情况不清,国外的鱼类学工作者曾做过一些鱼类的收集和记载,但都是零散的,从未有人进行过系统的鱼类资源调查。南开大学顾昌栋教授对天津鱼类进行过收集记载,其中包括部分海河鱼类。笔者在“南水北调对沿线水生生物生态效应的研究”工作中,于1979年4月至11月,对海河水系鱼类资源进行了调查,并对此进行讨论分析。     

ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas L.） in China

To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. The mean genetic similarity coefifcient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and ifve subpopulations based on neighbor-joining （NJ） clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identiifed. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to lfesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed small but signiifcant difference between white and orange-lfeshed sweet potato accessions. Small but signiifcant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.     

福建野生葡萄种质资源的收集与创新利用

福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所闽台果树种质资源研究室长期从事葡萄的引种、栽培和推广等工作,对推动福建省葡萄产业的发展起到了重要的作用。在承担福建省财政专项（2060503科技条件专项）、福建省自然科学基金（2012J01102）和福建省公益类科研院所专项（2011R1017—2）等项目中,     

林木生物质原料收集半径分析——以景谷县生物质发电项目为例

结合景谷县生物质发电项目特点,以翔实的调查数据为依据,以成本的经济性为基点,通过分析原料供求现状、估算原料收集成本,构建原料收集成本与收集半径的关系模型,科学地确定了项目的原料收集半径,以期为项目投资运营的可行性提供科学依据。