金华地区11种杂草对4种重金属的吸收与富集作用研究

定量测定了分布于浙江师大校园（地处金华）及金华某冶炼厂的11种杂草对4种重金属的吸收与富集能力。结果表明，对Cu吸收和富集能力较强的有早熟禾（Poa annua）、裸柱菊（Soliva anthemifolia）、北美独行菜（Lepidium virginicum）、北美鬼针草（Bidens frondosa）；对Cd富集能力较强的是北美车前（Plantago virginica）、早熟禾、裸柱菊和蚊母草（Veronica peregrina）；对Pb的吸收富集能力以早熟禾、蚊母草和裸柱菊等为强；对Cr吸收富集能力较强的是蚊母草、早熟禾和北美车前。     

阴离子对加入到土壤中的铅吸附与提取的影响

The effect of accompanying anions on the adsorbability and extractability of Pb added in soils was studied by using bach equilibria and incubation-extraction mothods.Pb concentration ranged between 0.48-2.41 mM in the adsorption experiment,and Pb added to soil from 2.14 to 19.31mM Pb/kg with an incubation time of 2-16 weeks in the incubation-extraction test in which 1M NH4OAc(pH 7) was taken as an extraction agent,and the Pb compounds used are PbCl2,Pb(NO3)2 and Pb(OAc)2.The values of pH50 for Pb retention and the parameters,b and k values,of Langmuir equation were used to distinguish the difference of adsorbability and extractability of Pb affected by anions,respectively.Judging from the results of either pH50 value or b value,the influences of Cl^- and NO3^- on the adsorbability and extractability of Pb in soils were similar but quite different from those of OAc^-.The relative loading capacities of soils to Pb calculated according to the extraction rate showed that the values of Pb(OAc)2 were higher than those of PbCl2 and Pb(NO3)2.     

土壤重金属（CuZnCd）复合污染的研究现状

从土壤重金属复合污染对植物生长的影响、重金属复合污染的表征方式及重金属污染土壤的防治措施3个方面进行较全面的阐述，并对今后研究的发展方向提出一些看法。     

pH Effect on kinetics of Heavy Metal Sorption in Soils

The pH effect on the sorption kinetics of heavy metals in soils was studied using a constant flow leaching method.The soil samples were red soil collected from Yingtan,Jiangxi,and yellow-brown soil from Nanjing,Jiansu,The heavy metals tested were zinc and cadmium.Assuming that the experimental data diffed to the following kinetic rate equation:1/c.dx/dt=kx∞-kx,the rate constant k of sorption could be determined from the slope of the straight line by plotting of 1/c,dx/dt vs.x.The results showed that the pH effect on the rate constants of heavy mental sorption in soils was very significant.The values of k decreased with increasing pH.The sorptions were more sensitive to pH in red soil than in yellow-brown soil.     

Tacoma冶炼厂下风区林地土壤植物中汞的含量和分布

于美国华盛顿州Ｔａｃｏｍａ冶炼厂下风区４．０－７．５，１３－１４，２１ｋｍ处分别采集土壤剖面和植物样品，分析其Ｈｇ含量。虽然该厂１９８５年已停产，但其释放Ｈｇ的影响依然存在。在４．０－７．５ｋｍ地区，６个土壤剖面表层土的Ｈｇ层为２１ｋｍ处的１０－１５倍；在１３－１４ｋｍ地区为２１ｋｍ处的５－１０倍。华旗松、红桤木和黑莓叶中的Ｈｇ在不同地区无明显差异，但近距离在菌耳和地衣中的Ｈｇ分别为２１ｋｍ处为１     

太原污灌区土壤重金属污染研究

本文研究了太原污灌区水质、土壤和作物中Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ三种重金属元素的污染状况。结果表明污灌区水质属轻度污染，土壤中Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ含量超过背景值，Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ高于污染起始值，累积量呈逐年增加的趋势。三元素在污水、土壤、作物中的污染完全一致，即Ｃｄ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｒ。土壤和作物中Ｐｂ污染与距公路远近密切相关。三种元素以Ｃｄ最易被作物吸收富集，土壤与作物间的相关系数为Ｃｄ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｒ．     

湘潭市郊菜园土及部分蔬菜重金属和氟污染状况的研究

湘潭市菜园土全部受到Cd的污染,蔬莲65％超过食品卫生标准,所有菜园土均有Pb污染,其中轻度污染4个区,中度污染2个区,以0.3ppm为标准,则蔬菜含Pb超标率达100％,如以0.6ppm为摄入限量浓度,蔬菜68％超限、Cu,Zn在土壤中均有积累,但末达到引起蔬菜污染的程度,土壤采用湘江流域背景值加2倍标准差作为污染起始值进行评终,3类菜园士对几种重金属元素的积累总趋势为:煤灰菜园土>红菜园土>潮菜园土,污染物质对土壤重金属积累的影响是:煤灰垃圾>污水灌溉>气污,但F的污染则与上相反、白菜和包菜对Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb的蓄积能力顺序相同,均为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,对每种元素而言则白菜的蓄积能力均大于包菜。     

土壤砷污染及其调控技术研究进展

主要报道了土壤砷背景值与砷存在形态、土壤砷污染与作物的关系、砷超累积植物与土壤砷污染的植物修复以及土壤砷污染的农业控制措施。砷对植物的危害不仅受砷浓度和形态的影响，还因作物的种类、积累部位而不一致。研究As超富集植物及其富集机理,利用其进行植物修复,是一个重要的领域。土壤有机质、磷肥、pH等都会影响植物对砷的吸收累积，可作为降低作物砷含量的农业调控措施。种植不富集As的作物，或可食部位As含量低的作物，可以减少As进入食物链。