Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

拮抗细菌A2菌株的鉴定及其对小麦白粉病的防治效果

为适应现代无公害农业的发展,针对小麦白粉病的防治,从保护地土壤中分离得到一株生防细菌A2。通过形态学特征、生理生化特性的观察和测定,结合16S rDNA序列分析并构建系统发育树,对菌株A2进行了初步鉴定。同时,以清水为对照,测定了菌株A2对3432品种小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果显示该菌株主要特征是菌体杆状,内生芽孢、芽孢卵圆形,革兰氏染色阳性,好氧,接触酶反应、乙酰甲基甲醇实验为阳性,能利用柠檬酸盐;该菌株与亲缘关系较近菌株B.subtilis isolate G8的同源性达99%。结合以上两点,将菌株A2初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）。防效实验显示菌株A2发酵液处理最好防治效果为72.22%;无菌滤液处理最好防治效果为29.24%,与对照相比均具有显著性差异（α=0.05）。表明,拮抗菌株A2菌体与代谢产物对小麦白粉病都具有较强的防治作用,为研制型、无毒、无公害生物农药提供了依据。     

产广谱抗菌物质芽孢杆菌的筛选与鉴定

旨在筛选出对果蔬病原菌具有广谱拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌。以9株病原真菌和3株病原细菌为指示菌,采用琼脂平板扩散法,通过初筛和复筛,筛选得到一株具有广谱抑菌作用的拮抗芽孢杆菌NCPSJ7。结合形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列同源性分析等手段,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens)。抑菌谱实验表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌NCPSJ7对果蔬病原真菌和病原细菌都具有较强的抑菌能力。该菌株产抗菌物质的适宜发酵培养基、发酵条件优化,抗菌物质的分离纯化、组成、性质和抗菌稳定性等还有待于进一步研究。     

大豆14-3-3蛋白与转录因子蛋白GmMYB173的互作

14-3-3蛋白家族在真核生物中普遍存在,可与其他蛋白相互作用,调控多种生理生化过程。MYB基因家族作为植物中最大的一类转录因子,广泛参与了植物的生长发育和代谢调控。本研究通过分析1个从自贡冬豆中克隆的MYB转录因子GmMYB173的亚细胞定位情况,发现GmMYB173在细胞核中特异表达;序列分析发现GmMYB173与GmMYB176相似,具有1个14-3-3蛋白的潜在结合结构域,即pST结合结构域。通过重叠延伸PCR (SOE-PCR)删除了GmMYB173序列中pST结合结构域编码序列,发现GmMYB173细胞核表达特异性消失。酵母双杂交互作分析表明,大豆基因组中所有具有表达的16个14-3-3蛋白GmSGF14a~GmSGF14p均能与GmMYB173互作。β-半乳糖苷酶活性分析发现,与GmMYB173互作最强的是GmSGF14n,GmSGF14k、GmSGF14e和GmSGF14o其次。这些结果说明14-3-3蛋白不仅与GmMYB173互作,且可能调控其在细胞内的定位,有助于研究14-3-3蛋白与GmMYB173的互作关系及其在大豆生长发育中的作用。     

Choice of shrinkage parameter and prediction of genomic breeding values in elite maize breeding populations

Genomic selection (GS) is a promising alternative to marker‐assisted selection particularly for quantitative traits. In this study, we examined the prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values by using ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction in combination with fivefold cross‐validation based on empirical data of a commercial maize breeding programme. The empirical data is composed of 930 testcross progenies derived from 11 segregating families evaluated at six environments for grain yield and grain moisture. Accuracy to predict genomic breeding values was affected by the choice of the shrinkage parameter λ², by unbalanced family size, by size of the training population and to a lower extent by the number of markers. Accuracy of genomic breeding values was high suggesting that the selection gain can be improved implementing GS in elite maize breeding programmes.     

温度、NaCl及PEG胁迫对沙生木地肤种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以沙生木地肤种子为材料,置于不同变温,不同NaCl和PEG-6000浓度下进行萌发试验,探讨温度、盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对其发芽率和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:沙生木地肤种子萌发的适宜温度为25℃/15℃,发芽率为(92±3.27)％,但与20℃/10℃和15℃/5℃下发芽率无显著差异,过高温或过低温周期对种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有抑制作用.低浓度的NaC1溶液(≤0.2 mol/L)对种子的初始发芽率和最终发芽率没有显著影响,随着NaCl浓度的增加,种子的发芽率和幼苗生长高度整体呈下降趋势,种子的初始发芽时间逐渐推后,NaC1浓度＞1.0 mol/L,种子仍能萌发,但幼苗生长基本停止;PEG胁迫下,沙生木地肤种子表现出较好的抗旱性,渗透势≥-1.0 MPa下,PEG胁迫对种子的萌发抑制作用不明显,渗透势降低到-1.6 MPa时,发芽率仍高于40％,萌发幼苗仍能缓慢生长.     

Analysis of introgression of the Tulipa fosteriana genome into Tulipa gesneriana using GISH and FISH

Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) have demonstrated that ‘Purissima’ (2n = 2x = 24) is an interspecific hybrid comprised of one genome of Tulipa (T.) gesneriana and one genome of T. fosteriana. Backcrossing T. gesneriana with ‘Purissima’ was partially successful. Simultaneous GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) distinguished chromosomes from both parent genomes, as well as recombinant chromosomes, in interspecific hybrids and their progeny. Chromosome recombination was observed in all cultivars except ‘Purissima’ and ‘Kouki’ (2n = 3x = 36). ‘Kouki’ (2n = 3x = 36) had two genomes of the T. gesneriana and a single genome of the T. fosteriana. The number of nonrecombinant T. fosteriana chromosomes in ‘Judith Leyster’ (2n = 4x = 48) and ‘Purissima’ progeny varied from two in ‘Hatsuzakura’ to six in ‘Kikomachi’ and ‘Momotaro’. The number and type of recombinant chromosomes also differed among cultivars. The total number of translocations ranged from one in ‘Kikomachi’ to six in ‘Hatsuzakura’. Each was a combination of a single T. fosteriana fragment and a single T. gesneriana fragment, indicating that they resulted from a single crossover event. Sequential GISH and FISH analysis with rDNA probes yielded chromosome-specific markers that were used to identify most of the chromosomes in ‘Purissima’ progeny. This is the first report of introgression of T. fosteriana chromatin into the T. gesneriana genome.     

外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长和生理的影响

为探讨外源硒对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na₂SeO₃)溶液,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解⁶⁰Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。     

玉米Gln1-3 gDNA序列分离、基因结构、保守功能域与等位变异分析

谷氨酰胺合成酶家族是高等植物体内氨态氮同化酶, 是植物体内氮利用与循环的核心构件。玉米Gln1-3基因编码叶肉细胞中的细胞质同工酶, 与全株氮向籽粒蛋白质同化与氮利用效率及产量紧密相关。本研究以玉米自交系辽白371为材料, 采用PCR与接头步移(walking)方法分离得到Gln1-3基因区域基因组DNA(gDNA)全长4 571 bp, 起始密码子至终止密码子序列长3 062 bp。将该基因在GenBank注册, 登录号为EU338535, 并进行了详细注释。该基因由10个外显子、9个内含子组成, 剪接方式主要为5′供位保守的GU与3′受位AG模式。编码的GS1蛋白由356个氨基酸组成, 分子量39.2 kD, 等电点 (pI) 为5.202。保守功能域分析表明, 氨基末端外显子2到外显子6为氨离子结合结构域, 羧基末端外显子8与外显子9构成ATP酶结构域, 在胞内行使催化功能。对50个玉米自交系Gln1-3基因重要分析区域进行了等位变异分析, 鉴定出364个等位变异, 其中313个为SNP变异, 占86%。