落桦混交林幼龄期Ⅰ级木分布规律研究

利用３６块落叶松一样树混交林标准地调查资料，研究其幼龄期林分Ⅰ级木单位面积株数与林分密度之间的关系，结果表明：Ⅰ级木的株数并非随密度的增加而直线递增，而是趋向“二阶常数”分布，且在同一年龄阶段，在较低的密度范围（２３２５～４８００株／ｈｍ２）或较高的密度范围（４８０１～６７５０株／ｈｍ２）．Ⅰ级木的株数变动幅度不太大。     

Kan浓度对无菌苗生根影响的研究

在未加激素的MS培养基中添加不同浓度的Kan,研究其对桑树陕305无菌苗的生根抑制程度,确定转基因植株延迟筛选的适宜浓度。培养基中添加Kan6mg/L是延迟筛选的适宜浓度。     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。     

山地杏树栽培管理

山地杏树栽培应注意土肥水管理、整形修剪、生长期管理、病虫害防治几个关键环节,根据多年的生产实践现介绍几点经验,以供生产经营者参考。     

From alley cropping to rotational fallow: Farmers' involvement in the development of fallow management techniques in the humid forest zone of Cameroon

Alley cropping was introduced in the humid forest zone of Cameroon to increase soil fertility in 1987, but until 1992 the adoption rate had remained low. To better understand the reasons behind this, three types of on farm trials were established from fully researcher controlled to fully farmer controlled. During the evaluation of the technology with farmers a number of modifications were registered (1) Pruning height and frequency: Because of the difficulties to consistently cut back at 30 cm, farmers decided to slash at ground level as they normally do while slashing the natural fallow vegetation. This equally allowed for more flexibility in time of pruning. (2) Cropping intensity and pattern: Initially, alleys were cropped each year. This however had several shortcomings. Having observed the positive impact of incidental fallow period in a farmer's field, it was decided to introduce a fallow phase of at least one year. During the fallow period the plot can be used for fodder production, bee farming and production of stakes. (3) Residue management: Fire went incidentally in a farmer's tree plot after slashing, and the trees were not affected. This gave farmers an alternative way to manage the residue, by controlling the fire, before bringing in other crops such as groundnut and cassava. (4) Agroforestry species: Because Leucaena leucocephala, in spite of it soil fertility restoration potential, rapidly became a noxious weed, farmers have asked for a less invasive species. Calliandra calothyrsus was introduced for this purpose and became a good bee forage. With these modifications, the original alley cropping system has evolved into a rotational tree fallow with higher adoption potential. From about 15 farmers who were testing the technology in 1992, the number increased to 52 in 1996, 120 in 1997 and 236 in 1998. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群诱导蛋鸡群多种肿瘤

2009年8月,山东泰安某海兰褐商品蛋鸡场,开产后产蛋率只有60％～70％,31周龄时,死亡率突然增加,最高达20％.患病鸡经大体剖检、病理组织学、PCR和免疫组织化学检测确诊为J亚群禽白血病.病理组织学检测发现送检鸡除了髓细胞瘤外,还存在明显的纤维肉瘤、组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤等肿瘤.纤维肉瘤单独存在,组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤分别和髓细胞瘤混合存在,本文详细描述了各肿瘤的组织学特点.ALV-J从肉种鸡传向商品蛋鸡后引起肿瘤谱扩展的原因和机制值得进一步研究.     

Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach

The quantity of water available for irrigation is getting scarce in many countries and it assumes great importance for assured crop production, especially in view of the erratic behavior of the monsoon. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One-way of improving the efficiency of the irrigation system is reusing the return flow from the irrigation system. This task requires quantification of return flow, which still remains as a grey area in irrigation water management. The estimation of return flow from the irrigation system is usually obtained using thumb rules depending upon the site-specific conditions like command area conditions and soil properties. In this paper, a hierarchical modeling technique, namely, regression tree is developed for return flow estimation. Regression tree is built through binary recursive partitioning. The effective rainfall, inflow, consumptive water demand, and percolation loss are taken as predictor variables and return flow is treated as the target variable. The applicability of the hierarchical model is demonstrated through a case study of Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu, India. The model performance shows a good match between the simulated and the field measured return flow values. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients are high for both single as well as double crop seasons.     

基于无人机LiDAR的杉木树冠上部外轮廓模拟与可视化研究

目的 基于无人机激光雷达（LiDAR）点云数据提取杉木树冠上部结构参数（树冠顶点、树高、冠幅和上部冠长）,并进行树冠上部外轮廓模拟与可视化,为树种识别提供树木冠形特征。 方法 利用LASTools开源工具从激光雷达点云数据生成无孔洞的冠层高度模型,使用LiDAR360软件,采用局部最大值法检测树冠顶点,基于CHM种子点对点云进行单木分割,并在ArcGIS下手动选取杉木单株点云样本,用Python编程对“欠分割”样本进行单木纯化（之后全部编程方式自动化处理）;提取纯化后单株样本的树冠上部结构参数（树冠顶点、树高、冠幅和上部冠长）,再对单木点云按照一定高度间隔进行分层切片,使用宽度百分位数法提取单木树冠上部的相对着枝深度、枝条长度作为模型变量,以相对着枝深度分层分别建模与验证样本按照3倍标准差法剔除异常外轮廓点,选取二次多项式、幂函数和指数函数3个基础模型进行模型拟合与验证,最后采用最优拟合模型进行样地尺度的三维可视化。 结果 无人机激光雷达综合单木检测率为79.63%,结合实测参数与提取结果进行相关分析,树高线性回归R2为0.890 5,冠幅线性回归R2为0.845 6;二次抛物线、幂函数和对数函数拟合R2分别为0.807 0、0.817 0、0.806 0,幂函数对杉木树冠上部外轮廓的拟合效果更优。 结论 在高林分密度条件下,单木点云的有效提取纯化对客观描绘树冠形状非常重要;基于无人机激光雷达拟合的杉木树冠上部外轮廓反映了杉木的树冠上部形态,可为杉木的树种识别提供参考。     

不同降雨条件下沂蒙山区耕层土壤团聚体特征

降雨强度和时长对土壤团聚体的影响至关重要,不同降雨特征下沂蒙山区耕层土壤团聚体时空变异特征仍不清晰。基于模拟降雨试验,研究了不同降雨强度(16 mm/h,43 mm/h,71 mm/h)和降雨时长(10 min,30 min,60 min)下沂蒙山区褐土耕层土壤团聚体特征。结果表明:降雨强度16 mm/h,10 min降雨时长下仅对0—5 cm土层土壤团聚体产生影响,>5 mm粒级团聚体含量迅速降低。其他雨强和时长下,0—5,5—10,10—20 cm土层团聚体含量均发生变化。在43,71 mm/h的降雨强度下,随着降雨时长的增加,0—5 cm土层微团聚体含量均表现出先增加后降低的趋势。与供试土壤相比,雨强为71 mm/h,降雨时长60 min时,0—5 cm土层>5 mm粒级团聚体含量减少了93%,而<0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量增加了42%。土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)随降雨强度及时长的增加而减小,在降雨强度71 mm/h,降雨时长60 min时各土层MWD趋于一致。说明,随降雨强度及时长的增加,雨滴打击和雨水湿润作用对土壤大团聚体的拆分作用增强,大团聚体含量逐渐减少,微团聚体含量逐渐增加,土壤稳定性先降低后趋于稳定。     

阔叶树种的研究现状与江西研究的发展方向

通过对阔叶树种在我国及江西省的研究状况的论述，初步总结了阔叶树种的研究水平及研究方向，指出了江西省阔叶树种研究存在的问题，探讨了江西省今后阔叶树种研究的方向。