Dynamics of the Cumulation of Macroelements – Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium During Development to Maturity of Soybean Seed

Dynamics of the cumulation of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in developing seed of four soybean genotypes under the defined climatic conditions in the course of three years was observed. Samples were being taken at weekly intervals from the point at which the grain reached a size suitable to be analyzed up to the full maturity of the seed. By analyzing the results it was found out that the intense cumulation of the minerals tested took place during the stages III and IV of the seed development, that is, in the course of intense cumulation of dry matter and the most expressive metabolic activity in the seed. Investigation of the impact of climatic conditions provides evidence that cumulation of the tested macroelements has been favourably influenced by increased precipitation along with moderate air temperatures within the seed developing period. The highest content of the minerals found with the cultivar Maksimirka independently of the year investigated reveals that mineral cumulation in soybean seed is affected by the cultivar and genetic particularity.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

人工樟子松母树林经营管理技术

培育人工樟子松母树林,要精选母树,进行疏伐,加强修枝、截顶、病虫害防治等一系列管理,促进母树生长和提高结实量.     

剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

种子子指对棉株下部外围"铃-叶系统"生长及生理特征的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉33B为材料,播前根据种子的大小和饱满度状况设三个子指处理,观测了棉花下部果枝外围果节铃及其对位叶的生长和生理特征。结果显示,大粒饱满的种子处理显著提高了该部位开花当天铃对位叶叶面积,还明显地促进了源叶生理质量的改善,且成熟时单铃子棉的干物重得到明显增加。小粒饱满比大粒不饱满的种子更明显地影响了该部位“铃-叶系统”的生长和生理状况,显著降低了成熟时的单铃子棉干物重。     

硝基苯胁迫对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的研究

通过生物测定的方法研究了硝基苯对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:硝基苯浓度为1mg·kg-1时,对豆类作物出苗率影响不大;当硝基苯浓度高于5mg·kg-1时,在绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆播后的2～5d,对其出苗率抑制明显;播种4d后,硝基苯浓度为40mg·kg-1,绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆的出苗率与对照相比分别相差38.10%、40.95%、48.17%,但是5d后,处理与对照出苗率差距逐渐减少。硝基苯抑制绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆株高、根长、地上部分鲜重及根鲜重,并且随着硝基苯浓度的增大而增大。在硝基苯胁迫下,豆类作物根部畸形生长,须根数增多。3种豆类对硝基苯的敏感性顺序为小粒大豆>红豆>绿豆,硝基苯对豆类的影响顺序为地下部分>地上部分。     

伏毛铁棒锤种子萌发特性的研究

为探明伏毛铁棒锤(Aconitum flavumHand.-Mazz.)种子的萌发特性,采用了物理、化学、植物激素等不同处理方法对种子进行预处理.试验结果表明:①种子在常温(20±1)℃下有休眠现象,发芽率仅为1.3%;②低温15℃是种子发芽的最适宜温度;③机械去皮后种子发芽率有所提高,可达28%;④采用质量分数为100 mg/kg的赤霉素处理24 h,去皮种子发芽率最高可达到86.0%.因此,种皮障碍和内部萌发抑制物的存在是造成种子休眠的重要原因,生产上应首先去掉种子的外种皮,再用适宜浓度的赤霉素处理,会达到理想的出苗效果.     

罗平万峰山市级自然保护区保护价值评价

万峰山自然保护区地处地貌发育典型的喀斯特地区,是我国滇东喀斯特山地森林的重要组成部分,也是滇东地区重要的物种基因库。本文在对保护区内现有野生动植物资源进行分析的基础上,从典型性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、感染力、面积适宜性、潜在价值、科研价值等方面对保护区的保护价值进行了综合评价分析,认为保护区形成了具有代表性的喀斯特山地森林生态系统,区内的森林生态系统对保护喀斯特地区极其脆弱的生态环境及保护生物多样性具有十分重要的意义。     

9SB-2.4型草原松土补播机的研制与试验

为了大面积改良天然退化草场,加快畜牧业持续发展,改善草原生态环境,研制了一种多功能牧草免耕补播机,该机在不破坏原生植被的情况下,可对退化草场进行免耕补种,加快退化草场恢复产草量。该文介绍了该机的工作原理、主要工作部件结构特点,并对该机的播种性能进行了台架试验和田间试验。试验结果表明：该机可一次完成切开草皮、切断草根、开沟、播种和覆土等项作业,播量为7.5～90 kg/hm²,开沟深度10～90 mm,适宜大面积天然草场机械化改良。     

人工老化和低温胁迫对陆地棉种子活力的影响和评价

[目的]研究人工老化处理和低温胁迫对陆地棉种子萌发的影响,为陆地棉种子耐低温和耐贮藏性研究提供支持和种质资源.[方法]以12份陆地棉种子为材料,通过标准发芽条件、低温胁迫发芽和人工老化处理后发芽,统计并分析发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗长、根长、苗鲜重和根鲜重等8个指标.[结果]各逆境对种子活力不同指标影响不同...