低温胁迫对俄罗斯大果沙棘抗寒生理指标的影响

[目的]探讨不同低温条件下,沙棘抗寒生理指标变化及与抗寒性的关系。[方法]以俄罗斯大果沙棘1年生枝条为试验材料,通过-30~-10℃低温胁迫处理,测定其含水量、渗透调节物质、保护酶活性指标与抗寒性的关系。[结果]沙棘在低温条件下,枝条中自由水/束缚水比值较小,丙二醛含量随温度的变化而呈规律性变化;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量随温度呈相反的变化趋势;随着温度的降低,沙棘枝条中保护酶活性增强。[结论]沙棘应对低温能力较强,通过各生理指标调节系统稳定,具有较强的渗透调节能力。     

沙棘产业与新疆区域经济的增长

目前,环境与发展是当前国际社会最需解决的难题.多年来,我国各地水利部门把沙棘作为水土保持和生物措施建设的先锋树种和主要树种.沙棘是一种具有极高生态、经济和社会价值的水土保持植物.沙棘产业的全面发展,有效地增加了农牧民的收入.沙棘产品逐步延伸,提高了人民生活水平,带来了显著的社会效益.沙棘以其巨大的开发利用价值吸引了全社会的关注,并将成为新疆经济可持续发展的一个重要途径和区域经济发展新的增长点.     

Sap flow characteristics and physiological adjustments of two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China

It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions, as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions. In this study, the normalized sap flow (SF_n), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (g_s), and photosynthetic rate (P_r) were monitored for two dominant species, i.e., Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides, in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau. A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds (R^L) for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm, respectively, and the time lags (τ) after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species, respectively. The results indicated that P. tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H. rhamnoides. In addition, strong stomatal control allowed P. tabuliformis to experience low g_s and P_r in response to drought, while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential (Ψ_m). However, H. rhamnoides maintained high g_s and P_r at a low Ψ_m expense. Therefore, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species, respectively. In mixed plantation, the values of R^L for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm, respectively; and the values of τ were 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species, respectively, which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species, especially for P. tabuliformis. In addition, mixed afforestation significantly reduced SF_n, g_s, and P_r for P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), while maintaining a high leaf water potential status. However, no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H. rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought. Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species, the altered water consumption characteristics, especially for P. tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigation.     

不同立地条件下的沙棘栽植试验

在盐碱地、草场退化地、废弃地等不同立地下栽植沙棘,通过3年的试验研究（1998-2000年）,结果表明：沙棘在pH值为8．77～9．18的盐碱地栽植可以成活,草场围栏成效快,围护效果显著。废弃地栽植沙棘生长正常,株高达76．4cm,冠幅达79．2cm×76．2cm。     

沙棘组织培养研究进展

从外植体、培养基、生长激素、褐变的预防等几方面对沙棘组织培养的研究进展进行简要回顾,并探讨其存在的主要问题及发展趋势,以期为今后的深入研究提供参考。     

沙棘,白榆,刺槐叶粉颗粒饲料配制及喂兔试验

本文通过用沙棘、白榆、刺槐叶粉加工成的颗粒饲料进行的喂兔试验,探讨了这三种树叶作为林业饲料的开发价值。     

黄土丘陵区沙棘林几个水分生理生态特征研究

为探讨沙棘对半干旱黄土丘陵区水分条件的适应性,1998年对沙棘的水分生理生态及抗旱性进行了分析研究.试验结果表明(1)沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境形成了耐旱、御旱的双重抗旱方式.在旱季,沙棘体内束缚水含量随干旱加剧而上升,束缚水与自由水比值随干旱加剧而增大,叶片维持较高的含水量,蒸腾减弱,叶水势降低,临界饱和亏增大,表现出较强的抗旱性.(2)沙棘光合速率具明显的日变化,1000 1200出现第1次峰值,1400 1500出现第2次峰值.沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度和光合有效辐射)间有显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.8466 0.9351,其中光合有效辐射对光合速率影响最显著,气温次之,相对湿度最小;沙棘光合速率与气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度间有十分显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.9852 0.9856.(3)沙棘蒸腾速率与气孔导度具明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,5、7月日变化曲线呈单峰型,6、8、9月日变化曲线呈双峰型.在生长季(5-     

沙棘果废渣中原花青素提取纯化工艺研究

以儿茶素为对照,沙棘原花青素得率为考察指标,通过正交试验法优选提取沙棘果废渣中原花青素的最佳工艺,并在此基础上,采用大孔树脂吸附、分离、纯化原花青素提取物。结果表明,超临界CO2脱脂后的沙棘果废渣中原花青素最佳提取工艺参数为：70%（体积分数）乙醇作溶剂,料液比1∶7,提取温度40℃,提取时间1 h;D-101型树脂对沙棘果废渣中原花青素吸附能力较强,纯化后的原花青素纯度可达73.3%.     

沙棘全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗试验研究

生长季节,利用全光照喷雾育苗装置,在塑料容器中装入河沙∶锯末∶田土=5∶2∶3的混合基质,将插穗用质量分数为1.0×10-4的ABT3号生根粉溶液浸根1h或质量分数为5.0×10-5的溶液浸根2h后扦插,扦插深度6～8cm,能有效地提高沙棘嫩枝扦插苗生根率及成活率。     

三种抗旱植物叶片解剖结构的对比观察

通过制作石蜡切片对沙棘、文冠果、虎榛子叶片的解剖结构进行了观察 ,以角质层厚度 ,栅栏组织厚度/叶肉组织厚度 ,第一层栅栏组织细胞密集度 ,侧维管束密度 ,主脉厚度这几项旱性结构的主要指标进行检验比较 ,结果表明这三种植物都具备抗旱结构但又有各自的抗旱特点 ,综合各抗旱指标对三种植物的抗旱性排序 ,其抗旱能力为 :文冠果 >沙棘 >虎榛子