Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

落桦混交林幼龄期Ⅰ级木分布规律研究

利用３６块落叶松一样树混交林标准地调查资料，研究其幼龄期林分Ⅰ级木单位面积株数与林分密度之间的关系，结果表明：Ⅰ级木的株数并非随密度的增加而直线递增，而是趋向“二阶常数”分布，且在同一年龄阶段，在较低的密度范围（２３２５～４８００株／ｈｍ２）或较高的密度范围（４８０１～６７５０株／ｈｍ２）．Ⅰ级木的株数变动幅度不太大。     

二化螟群集性的调查研究

通过对二化螟群集性的调查分析,初步查明在不同类型田、水稻的不同生育期、二化螟幼虫的不同龄次,二化螟幼虫的群集性不同.这为科学制订二化螟防治指标提供了理论依据。     

四川的云南松地径胸径相关关系及其应用研究

本文报道了四川的云南松树干在部三个不同部位直径(地表直径d0．00、0.05m高处直径d0.05、0.1Om高处直径d0.10)与胸径(d1．3)的相关关系，利用其编制了四川云南松地径一元材积表，并对其在四川云南松林区进行盗伐木、滥砍乱伐木材积估计和监测森林资源消耗量等方面的应用进行了探讨。四川云南松地径与胸径最佳关系模型为二次抛物线回归方程，相关系数r=0，999217～0．999380，剩余平方和Q=179．3391～226．4480，且d0.10与d1．3相关关系最为紧密。     

线性回归分析在伐区采伐量测定中的应用

为提高伐区采伐量测算的准确性,避免根径材积表引起的偏差,提出了通过建立根径与胸径的线性回归方程,把根径换算成胸径,直接查胸径材积表得出伐区实际采伐量的方法。对该方法进行详细说明,并举例。论述了该方法的适用范围及要点。     

城市土地利用与经济协调发展度评价研究——以天水市为例

针对天水经济快速发展、用地需求增速明显而土地供给约束日益加大的问题,从土地资源利用的规模、结构、效率及经济发展水平方面出发,构建了反应土地利用与经济协调发展程度的综合指标体系,该体系由目标层、准则层、因素层和指标层4个层次及28个具体指标构成。基于均方差决策求解法,对天水市的土地利用与经济协调发展度进行综合评价。结果表明:1996~2008年土地利用与经济发展两系统协调程度不高、质量欠佳,协调度指数总体趋势下降;土地利用与经济发展系统演进模式由经济发展滞后土地利用模式转变为土地利用滞后经济发展模式。     

温室茄子不同生育期茎直径变化特征及其与气象因子的关系

为了寻找诊断温室作物水分状况的可靠的茎变化指标,对春季温室条件下茄子不同生育期、不同土壤含水量茎变化关键指标进行了研究。结果表明,各生育期低水分处理的茎直径(MDS)日最大收缩量基本上大于高水分处理的MDS,但它们的变化趋势基本一致,这种一致性是由气象因子所致;苗期的日生长量(DI)从未出现过负值,高水分处理的累积DI要大于低水分处理的累积DI,且MDS和DI之间呈现出一定程度的负相关,而其余时期的DI基本上在DI=0附近波动;通过对MDS、DI和相关气象因子进行回归分析发现,MDS和气象因子有更好的相关性,基本上各时期MDS和相对湿度呈负相关关系,与温度、辐射、空气饱和差呈正相关关系;且气象因子对低水分处理的茎变化影响大于对高水分处理茎变化影响,由此提出建立合理土壤水分条件下的气象因子对MDS的预测模型作为诊断温室作物水分状况、实现自动灌溉的方法。     

网线直径和模拟渔获物对拖网网囊水阻力及形态影响

为探究网线直径和渔获物对拖网网囊水阻力及形态的影响,利用上海海洋大学循环动水槽对3顶不同网线直径(1.11mm、0.96mm、0.54mm)的网囊结构在5种流速(0.5m/s、0.6m/s、0.7m/s、0.8m/s、0.9m/s)和2种渔获状态(空网、存在模拟渔获物)下进行试验,比较分析各条件下网囊形态、水阻力和横向缩结系数的变化。结果表明：(1)空网条件下,网囊阻力系数随网线直径的增大而增大;随雷诺数的增加,阻力系数呈减小的趋势。(2)网囊水阻力与流速、网线直径和渔获量呈正相关关系。(3)存在模拟渔获物网囊随着网线直径的增大,中部宽度增大;随着流速的增加,网囊长度的增加较空网网囊更为明显;空网网囊整体形态较饱满。(4)空网网囊横向缩结系数先减小后趋于平缓,而存在模拟渔获物网囊横向缩结系数先减小后增至最大。研究结果可为改善拖网网囊水动力性能,提高渔具的作业特性及选择性提供科学基础依据。     

小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子最适固体培养基的筛选

为了筛选小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子最适培养基, 以提高小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子生长速度, 选取了3个菌落形态不同的转化子(ZHZ-1, ZHZ-2, ZHZ-3)进行培养试验?用6 mm打孔器打取菌饼, 将菌饼置于9种培养基上16℃避光培养?观察?测量小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子的菌丝生长情况?菌落直径等主要指标, 结果表明, 9种培养基中, 3种转化子都是在完全培养基(complete medium, CM)上生长状况最好, 菌丝生长速度最快?ZHZ-1转化子在CM培养基上菌落圆形, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-2转化子菌落圆形, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-3转化子菌落云纹状, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?