Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

微波辐射和浸种对华山松种子生活力和发芽的影响

为了解微波辐射和清水2因素不同水平组合对华山松种子吸水、生活力和种仁发芽率的影响,以及微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种3因素对华山松种子发芽率的影响,采用L₉(3⁴)正交设计开展试验实施。结果表明：微波辐射和清水浸种处理组合的种子生活力、种子、种仁和种壳吸水率分别为75.3%～88.0%（CK的为94.7%）、6.63%～10.44%、15.00%～23.80%和0.98%～4.87%,处理组合间种子和种仁吸水率均具有极显著的差异（P < 0.01）;影响生活力的主导因子是微波辐射和清水浸种时间的交互作用,影响种子和种仁吸水率的则是清水浸种时间;测定（TTC法）的和未测定生活力的种仁发芽率分别为4.0%～22.8%和52.7%～90.0%,CK的为4.7%和60.0%,微波辐射是影响种仁发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射结合清水和GA₃溶液浸种的组合,种子场圃发芽率为56.0%～71.6%（CK的为56.0%）,清水和GA₃浸种的交互作用是影响种子场圃发芽率的主导因子。微波辐射和清水浸种的组合降低种子生活力。清水浸种8 h时,种子吸水基本达到饱和;微波辐射15 s,清水浸种12 h后0.05 g/L GA₃溶液浸种,提高华山松种子场圃发芽率,可应用于生产实践。     

不同密度杉木林内辐射与叶面积垂直分布对生长的影响

本文通过对八年生杉木人工林内太阳辐射与叶面积垂直分布的观测与研究,用计算机绘图与计算,得出以下结果:杉木叶面积的垂直分布和叶面积指数与密度有关,冠形因密度增加由圆锥形变为圆柱形,叶面积指数是先上升后下降。杉木林内辐射的消减随密度的增加而加剧,在冠层深3/4处趋于平缓,当郁闭度低于0.85时,林冠下辐射有回升。用累加叶面积指数分层计算林冠消光系数,可减少因叶片分布不均匀而产生的误差。用累计值计算辐射,可简化观测与计算。用辐射吸收率、叶面积指数、杉木个体生物量及年均生物增长量4个指标对杉木林生长作综合评价,八     

植被光合有效辐射吸收分量及最大光能利用率算法的改进

植被冠层对入射光有效辐射的吸收系数 (FPAR) 和最大光能利用率是NPP模拟的重要参数。利用光量子仪实测了典型草原植被类型关键生育期光合有效辐射值,根据NDVI与FPAR之间的良好相关性,建立了2个FAPR估算模型。结果表明,实测的FPAR值与模型估算的FPAR之间的相关性均达到极显著水平,2个模型的估测值之间没有显著性差异。因此,本研究中采取求均值后计算了我国草原的FPAR,并与NASA-FPAR产品进行了嵌套和互补,形成全国完整的草原FPAR空间分布图。同时,基于归一化植被指数和叶面积指数,以中国草原18大类分类结果为基础单元,对中国草原18大类的最大光能利用率进行调整,调整后的最大光能利用率输入NPP模型后,改善了NPP估算精度,在大类尺度上,总体预测精度为85.71%。     

硝氯粉和肝蛭净驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的对比试验

应用硝氯粉和肝蛭净两种药物,采取口服投药方式,分不同剂量,在绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫方面做了对比试验。结果表明:硝氯粉按5mg/kg体重驱虫,肝片吸虫虫卵减少率96.85%;肝蛭净按12mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.74%;二者的驱虫效果差异不大,但在实际操作中,硝氯粉剂量稍大会出现中毒反应,剂量过小则效果不佳,硝氯粉剂量较难控制。建议养畜户在绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫时最好用肝蛭净。     

HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A DOG AFTER SURGERY AND RADIATION THERAPY FOR A FUNCTIONAL THYROID ADENOCARCINOMA

Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a dog which had undergone unilateral thyroid lobectomy and external beam irradiation (48 Gy in 3 Gy fractions) for a functional cystic thyroid adenocarcinoma. Hypothyroidism became biochemically apparent within 4 months of completion of radiation therapy, and clinically apparent within 7 months. Clinical signs resolved after thyroid hormone supplementation. The potential for alterations in thyroid function should be considered in any animal undergoing radiation therapy in which the thyroid gland is included in the radiation field. This potential may be greater if surgery and radiation are combined.     

Decreased blood cell counts were not observed in cattle living in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” of the Fukushima nuclear accident

White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, are susceptible to radiation exposure. In the present study, red blood cell, total white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts were repeatedly measured in cattle living on three farms located in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” of the Fukushima nuclear accident, and compared with two control groups from unaffected areas. Blood cell counts differed significantly between the two control groups, although almost all the values fell within the normal range. The blood cell counts of the cattle in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” varied across sampling times even on the same farms, being sometimes higher or lower than either of the two control groups. However, neither a statistically significant decrease in blood cell counts nor an increase in the rate of cattle with extremely low blood cell counts was observed overall. The estimated cumulative exposure dose for the cattle on the most contaminated farm was within a range of 500–1000 mSv, exceeding the threshold for the lymphopenia. Because of the low dose rate on these farms, potential radiation damages would have been repaired and have not accumulated enough to cause deterministic effects.     

不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长性能、背膘厚度及眼肌面积的影响

试验研究不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长、背膘及眼肌面积的影响.选择420头(38.5±0.5) kg丹系三元育肥猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复14头猪,公、母各半.试验A、B、C、D、E组饲粮净能水平分别为9.84、10.05、10.26、10.46和10.67MJ/kg,预试期7d,正式试验期97 d.结果 ...