木薯细胞壁酸性转化酶MeCWINCV5基因启动子的克隆和序列分析

[目的]了解MeCWINCV5在植物生长发育、激素调节和逆境胁迫应答中的功能.[方法]采用PCR方法从木薯基因组中分离MeCWINCV5基因启动子序列,考察MeCWINCV5对植物生长发育、激素调节和逆境胁迫应答的影响.[结果]分析显示启动子的长度为1170bp,合有TATA box和CAAT box等多个典型的真核生物启动子基本元件元件,还存在大量逆境胁迫诱导相关的顺式调控元件,如HSE、MBS、SARE、GARE-motif和TATC-box等多个与植物逆境胁迫相关的元件.[结论]MeCWINCV5基因启动子与逆境胁迫有关,在木薯抵御逆境胁迫的生理过程中具有重要作用.     

Variation in sugar levels and invertase activity in mature fruit representing a broad spectrum of Cucumis melo genotypes

Sugar accumulation is a very important physiological process that determines dessert-melon fruit quality. Considerable variation in the sugar content and composition in the mature flesh of Cucumis melo L. fruits was observed among 56 genotypes which represent the wide range of morphological and horticultural types found in this species. Sucrose accumulation was observed not only among 'dessert melons' of the inodorus and cantalupensis types, but also in representatives of other subgroups of C. melo, including some of the accessions from agrestis and conomon groups. Among the genotypes that accumulate sucrose, the levels of this sugar, and not of the hexoses, were correlated with the total sugar concentration. Hexose levels were correlated with total sugar levels only among low-sugar genotypes that did not accumulate sucrose. Activities of the sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and alkaline invertase (EC 3.2.1.27) were measured in the mature fruit flesh and the results of this survey support the hypothesis that low acid invertase activity is a prerequisite for sucrose accumulation. The sucrose accumulating, high sugar genotypes had less-acidic flesh pH values (pH> 6) than the low-sugar genotypes. The latter were characterized by a broader range of pH values, including acidic (pH< 5.5) fruit flesh.     

Effects of late planting on fiber quality and within-boll yield components as mediated by sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting.     

甘蔗伸长盛期乙烯利处理对节间ATP酶和转化酶活性的影响

研究了甘蔗伸长盛期100mg/L乙烯利处理对3个甘蔗品种桂糖11号、桂糖15号和新台糖16号的Ca2+-ATP酶、Mg2+-ATP酶、中性和酸性转化酶活性的影响。3个品种间Ca2+-ATPase与Mg2+-ATPase的活性有差异,但相同品种的Ca2+-ATPase和Mg2+-ATPase的活性变化趋势基本一致。在甘蔗伸长盛期100mg/L乙烯利处理可以提高节间1的Ca2+-ATPase和Mg2+-ATPase的活性。在甘蔗伸长盛期节间2的中性和酸性转化酶表现基本一致的动态变化趋势。100mg/L乙烯利处理可以提高节间2中性和酸性转化酶活性。结果表明,在甘蔗伸长盛期乙烯利处理促进甘蔗蔗糖代谢活动,提高能量代谢水平,从而促进甘蔗生长。      

糖分含量对番茄叶片Pst DC3000抗性的影响及其机理

研究糖代谢对番茄叶片细菌性叶斑病(Pst DC3000)抗性的影响及其可能的生理生化机制,为抗病番茄新品种的选育提供参考.以糖代谢特征不同的早上取样叶片(早8:00取样)和晚上取样叶片(晚6:00取样)为材料,测定离体接种后不同时期(0、24、48 h)上述两种叶片在Pst DC3000抗性、细菌密度、可溶性糖和淀粉含...     

一品红转化酶基因片段的克隆和序列分析

根据植物酸性转化酶基因的保守区序列,设计1对PCR引物,以一品红基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长约500 bp的DNA片段,克隆入pM D-18T载体,测序结果表明:获得1个一品红酸性转化酶基因家族的成员,该基因片段长523 bp,编码173个氨基酸,属于开放阅读框的一部分,不含内含子。在G enB ank中进行同源性检索的结果表明,该成员编码的氨基酸与其他植物细胞壁酸性转化酶编码的氨基酸同源性较高。     

微生物发酵床垫料酶活性变化研究

于福建省福清市国家现代农业示范园的微生物发酵床养猪栏内采集0~50cm垫料层样品,对微生物发酵床不同方位及不同深度垫料进行酶活性研究,测定其蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、中性与碱性磷酸酶,探讨酶活性变化规律。结果表明:在0~50cm的垂直深度,随着深度的加大,酶活性显著下降,为微生物发酵床作用机理及垫料发酵程度提供理论参考。     

三氯生与镉单一及复合污染对土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响

为了解典型药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)——三氯生与镉复合污染的生态效应,采用室内培养实验和联合毒性预测模型,首次评价了三氯生与镉单一及复合污染对土壤呼吸及参与土壤碳氮循环的相关酶活性的生态毒性。结果表明:三氯生与镉单一及复合污染对土壤呼吸呈现激活—抑制—激活的生态效应;刺激了蛋白酶活性,激活率先降低后升高,56 d时达到最大。整个实验期间均抑制了蔗糖酶活性,镉(10.0 mg kg-1)单一污染培养14 d抑制率达到最大值(81%),三氯生单一胁迫呈现负的剂量效应关系,两者复合污染无显著的剂量效应关系。联合效应评价模型预测表明,相比三氯生或镉单一污染,两者的复合胁迫对土壤呼吸呈现随时间变化的拮抗—协同—加和效应,对土壤蛋白酶呈现协同—加和—协同的联合效应,而对土壤蔗糖酶活性则主要为协同效应。