常用软件绘制使用林地可行性报告附图方法的比较

使用林地可行性报告的附图是林业专题图类型之一。该类图纸是项目成果重要的组成部分,对文字内容具有补充和说明等作用。本文以一个简单的实例,比较了几类常用软件绘制专题图的各自特点,并简介了综合使用的方法。     

欧盟屠宰检疫检验规则研究

作者对欧盟有关畜禽屠宰检验检疫法规指令、英国实施屠宰检疫的具体做法进行的研究梳理,旨在为我国制定实施相关屠宰检疫检验法规制度,开展屠宰行业管理提供借鉴和参考。     

鸡胚外泌体miRNAs功能分析

旨在基于鸡胚外泌体及所含有的miRNAs解析其产生生理功效的活性物质基础及作用机制。本研究收集13胚龄惠阳胡须鸡胚蛋18枚（3组,每组6枚）,采用酶消化、蔗糖密度梯度和差速超速离心等方法分离鸡胚组织来源的外泌体,经透射电镜、纳米流式和标志蛋白流式检测等方法鉴定其特征。利用高通量测序方法研究外泌体样本中miRNAs表达谱,对各样本top 10且共表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测与功能分析。结果表明,分别获得了3个浮力密度范围（S1：1.13 g·mL^-1、S2：1.21 g·mL^-1和S3：1.32 g·mL^-1）具有外泌体典型特征的胞外囊泡;与miRBase V21进行比对发现,S1、S2和S3样品中分别含有675、661和845个已知的miRNAs,这些miRNAs中有488个（52.6%）三者共有,包括了广泛参与细胞增殖、分化和免疫应答等过程的功能性miRNAs。TargetScan 7.2和miRDB预测得到3个样本中top 10且共表达的56个miRNAs的靶基因,获得的3 650个靶基因经DAVID分析,显著富集了24个与机体生长、发育、免疫等有关的生物学通路（P<0.05）,包括MAPK信号通路、mTOR信号通路、Notch信号通路、Wnt信号通路和GnRH信号通路等。本研究建立了鸡胚组织中有效分离外泌体的方法,发现鸡胚组织来源的外泌体miRNAs会影响机体生长发育和免疫调节有关的生物学通路。     

牧草烘干机生产工艺参数及应用效果研究

以紫花苜蓿为研究对象，通过试验测出的干燥温度和干燥时间以及干燥后牧草营养成分进行了测定和试验分析，为确定牧草干燥应采用的干燥工艺和干燥参数提供依据。     

麻栎 马尾松天然次生混交林生物量结构及根系分布特征调查研究

通过对马尾松、麻栎天然次生混交林林分生物量的测定,对林分生物量积累、根系分布特征的差异进行了研究。结果表明,两类树种混交造林方式能在一定程度上提高树干的生产量,天然次生麻栎较马尾松具有主根、水平根系均发达,且须根分布均匀的特点。     

Genome-wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm

Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.     

芦荟冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数的试验研究

芦荟冷冻干燥工艺参数试验研究旨在确定最优的冻干工艺参数，以提高芦荟的干燥效率和改进干燥品质。通过单因素试验以及四因素五水平的二次回归正交试验，研究了冻干室压力、加热板温度、预冻降温速度和物料厚度对冻干时间的影响；建立了各因子与冻干时间关系的回归数学模型；最后利用非线性优化理论与方法，在保证芦荟干燥品质的前提下，得到了芦荟(厚度6～9 mm)冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数为：干燥室压力108 Pa，加热板温度38～39℃，降温速率-0.47～-0.35℃/min，干燥时间为6～7 h。     

泵站技术改造可行性研究

本文提出泵站技术改造可行的判断指标含效率、流量和投资等诸因素,并应用系统工程的原理和方法,建立数学模型,通过电算寻求目标函数的最优值。为目前面广量大的中小型泵站技术改造的可行与否,提供科学的判断依据。     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.