Influence of death struggle on the structural changes in chub mackerel muscle during chilled storage

ABSTRACT: Chub mackerel (34–35 cm, approximately 500 g), which were caught by fishing with a rod and line at the Bungo Channel, Oita prefecture, were rested overnight in a fish preserve and either killed by decapitation (control group) or allowed to struggle in air for 30 min (struggled group). Muscle samples were excised every 4 h, and measurements on breaking strength and histological observations were done for both groups. The breaking strength of muscle in the control group was significantly higher than that in the struggled group, whereby a decrease in breaking strength was delayed for 12 h compared to the struggled group. Light microscopy showed space extension among muscle cells in association with a decrease in breaking strength. Especially in the struggled group, the extended area was larger and the difference in area was significant at the time when breaking strength showed a significant difference. Using electron microscopy, the extended area showed cut and/or disappeared collagen fibrils. From these results, it was demonstrated that struggling to death promoted the degradation of collagen fibrils and the weakening of connective tissue and, resultantly, led to the faster softening of muscle of chub mackerel.     

Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

室内型胶合板天然耐久性的初步研究

作为一项反映材料优劣的重要的评价指标,天然耐久性直接决定了材料的使用寿命.笔者通过对胶合板胶合强度性能连续14年的跟踪测定,讨论和分析了胶合板的天然耐久性.最后总结出了胶合板在使用过程中随时间迁移其胶合强度性能随外界变化的规律,以期为胶合板的生产制备、生产工艺的改进及其应用领域的拓宽等方面起到一定的指导作用.     

中蜂越夏及秋季繁殖试验

在贵州锦屏进行的中蜂越夏及秋繁试验表明，４框以上的群势越夏较为安全。越夏期间每框足蜂约需补喂白糖１．５公斤。越夏后，蜂群群势约下降１／３左右。蜂群在越夏期间飞逃的主要原因是缺蜜及巢虫危害。当地中蜂在秋季大流蜜初期发生分蜂，分蜂群势均为８框足蜂以上，７框左右不分群。为控制不同起繁群势的蜂群在秋季大流蜜初期正好繁殖到７框左右，不致因分蜂影响秋冬蜜的采集，应分期起步秋繁。根据本试验所建秋季起繁群势（ｘ）与达７框群势所需繁殖天数（ｙ）之间的回归直线方程推算，在起繁群势为１～５框蜂量时，最适的秋繁开始期，１框群为７月３１日，２框群８月１０日……蜂群的基础群势每增加一框，则秋繁开始期应相应推迟１０～１１天。     

蛋壳颜色和蛋壳强度与蛋各部位钙含量的关系

本文旨在研究新扬州鸡蛋壳颜色和蛋壳强度与蛋各部位钙含量的关系.方法采用QC-SPA蛋壳强度测定仪、蛋壳颜色测定仪及相关仪器测定相同日龄新扬州鸡鸡蛋的蛋壳强度及蛋壳颜色,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)络合滴定快速测钙法,测定不同颜色鸡蛋的不同部位的钙含量.研究结果表明:随着蛋壳颜色加深,蛋壳和蛋白中钙含量增大,但蛋壳强度随之减小;当蛋壳强度为4000～4500g/cm<'2>时,鸡蛋各部位的钙含量均最大.     

垂穗披碱草落粒性评价及农艺性状的相关性分析

为挖掘优异垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)种质资源,加快其抗落粒品种选育,本研究在前期资源筛选基础上,于2015-2016年对13份垂穗披碱草种质的落粒性及15个农艺性状进行了变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析,并用隶属函数法对农艺性状进行了综合评价。结果表明,15个农艺性状中落粒率的变异系数最大,为57.43%,穗长的变异系数最小,为5.77%。13份种质中,PI619516落粒率最低,种柄断裂拉伸张力(breaking tensile strength,BTS)测定值达70.05gf,种质PI639855的落粒率最高,BTS值为13.99gf。BTS变异分析表明,种质PI639852的变异系数最大,为45.09%,表明该种质在落粒性方面存在较大的种内遗传差异。相关性分析表明,倒二叶长与旗叶长和旗叶宽,旗叶长与旗叶宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),每穗小花数与穗长和茎粗呈显著正相关(P0.05),BTS与穗长和茎粗呈显著负相关(P0.05),表明穗长和茎粗越大,BTS就越小,落粒率就越高。以BTS值为变量的聚类分析结果表明,13份种质被聚为4类,第ⅰ类种质落粒性最高,第ⅱ和第ⅲ类种质表现出很高的落粒性,而第ⅳ类种质落粒性中等。15个农艺性状的综合聚类分析结果表明,13份种质被聚为4类。隶属函数分析表明,种质PI547394的综合性状表现优异,综合隶属函数值为0.55。本研究为垂穗披碱草育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源。     

泗水裘皮羊鞣后羔皮品质的研究

本文系统研究了山东泗水裘皮羊 4个年龄组 (小毛、中毛、大毛、6月龄 )的 2 4只个体鞣后羔皮的主要品质性状。结果表明 :皮重为 14 0 .0 0～ 4 16 .33g,皮厚为 0 .94～ 1.2 3mm ,总面积为 16 90 .6 7～ 3418.6 7cm2 ,有花面积占总面积的84 .4 4 %～ 99.86 % ;皮板的抗张强度为 8.6 8～ 14 .86N/mm2 ,撕裂强度为 2 2 .6 2～ 5 5 .4 5N/mm ,规定负荷 (试样受到 5N/mm2 拉力 )伸长率为 4 4 .6 7%～ 72 .33% ,崩裂强度为 2 6 0 .6 5～ 344 .77N/mm ,收缩温度为 6 5 .90～ 77℃。以上各品质性状 ,除皮板的规定负荷伸长率随年龄增长而下降外 ,其余各性状均随年龄增长而增加 (皮厚、有花面积所占比例和收缩温度在 6月龄羔皮又有所下降 )。小毛、大毛、6月龄羔皮的皮厚部位差均较小 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,整张皮厚薄均匀一致     

基于FSEC赛车电池箱的结构设计与强度分析

以中国大学生电动方程式赛车的电池箱体研究为背景,对电池箱的结构设计和强度分析方面进行了研究论证,提出了电池箱设计的总体思路,使电池箱的结构设计紧凑合理,工作安全可靠,符合赛事规则。这对纯电动乘用车在电池箱的结构设计方面也具有参考和借鉴的价值。