落桦混交林幼龄期Ⅰ级木分布规律研究

利用３６块落叶松一样树混交林标准地调查资料，研究其幼龄期林分Ⅰ级木单位面积株数与林分密度之间的关系，结果表明：Ⅰ级木的株数并非随密度的增加而直线递增，而是趋向“二阶常数”分布，且在同一年龄阶段，在较低的密度范围（２３２５～４８００株／ｈｍ２）或较高的密度范围（４８０１～６７５０株／ｈｍ２）．Ⅰ级木的株数变动幅度不太大。     

Stand dynamics and tree quality response to precommercial thinning in a northern hardwood forest of the Acadian forest region: 23 years of intermediate results

In the late 1980s, large forest companies began precommercial thinning (PCT) operations in young northern hardwood cutovers in New Brunswick, Canada. To provide supporting growth and yield information, an industrial experiment was established at residual stand densities of 1300, 1600, 1900, and 2200?stems?ha^?1. Stand responses were examined for measurements recorded at 0 (1987), 5 (1992), 10 (1997), 16 (2003), and 23 (2010) years after establishment. Average diameter at breast height, quadratic mean diameter, stand basal area, and stand total volume growth increased as stem density decreased from PCT. There were significant linear differences for many of these variables between treatments and time periods (year). No significant differences were detected in tree height between treatments. In 2010, the four PCT thinning treatments did not exhibit any differences in potential sawlogs at 2.4?m (8?ft) and 3.6?m (12?ft) lengths. Significant differences were observed for 4.9?m (16?ft) sawlogs that were produced at the least dense spacing (1300?stems?ha^?1). Results from this study and recommendations from the European literature suggest that value-added timber products may be produced from more intense PCT treatments than are currently being practiced on sites dominated by yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.).     

白桦林“维他”机制研究(13)——边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系

分别在白桦幼林、中龄林和成熟林的林缘和林内设置样地２０块、样方１６０个，研究边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系。结果表明：①边缘效应可使白桦林树高增产１９％～４１％，胸径增产８％～１１％；其中，幼林高效应４．４８，径效应１．０７，中龄林高效应２．８１，径效应－１．１８，成林高效应１．１１，径效应－０．１９。②边缘效应表现显著的树种有红松、白桦、山杨和黑桦。③边缘效应可增加植物多样性１．３～１．６倍。④通过定义容他量和容他面积，说明了白桦林从幼龄到成龄是一个由自稳态经扩大领域态到自解体态的过程；其中处于扩大领域态的白桦中龄林的容乔量为０．２种／ｍ２、容灌量为０．２种／ｍ２、容草量为０．９种／ｍ２、容红量为０．２７株／ｍ２。     

抗体夹心BGT-ELISA方法的建立及在转基因白桦中的应用

以蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt-toxinC肽融合蛋白基因(bgt基因)的表达产物的定量分析为研究目标,采用原核表达及纯化出融合蛋白His-BGT作为抗原进行兔免疫,得到相应的抗血清,采用ELISA法检测效价在1:10000以上,并对抗血清进行了免疫亲和层析,获得了高纯度的IgG,Westernblot检测具有较好的特异性。采用过碘酸钠法将抗体标记辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),得到第二抗体即酶标抗体,标记率在85%以上。建立起检测BGT杀虫蛋白的快速、灵敏的方法。应用该检测方法,分析了不同转基因白桦(BetulaplatyphyllaSuk.)株系中BGT蛋白含量占叶片可溶性总蛋白含量的0.05%～0.3%,并利用Westernblot验证了此方法是可靠的。说明抗体夹心BGT-ELISA方法能够定量分析转基因植株中BGT蛋白的含量,为转bgt基因植物的检测和应用奠定了基础。     

提高桦木板材性能的研究

本文以提高桦木板材物理、力学性能指标，扩大其使用用途为目的，着重研究了桦木中施加强化剂后对其显微结构，物理、力学性能的影响，为今后扩大其木材利用率提供了一定的依据。     

Identification of SSR loci in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula luminifera</Emphasis> using birch EST data

Expressed sequence tags(ESTs) are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers or microsatellites.However,EST databases have been developed for only a small number of species.This paper provides a case study of the utility of freely available birch EST resources for the development of markers necessary for the genetic analysis of Betula luminifera.Based on birch EST data,primers for 80 EST-SSR candidate loci were ...     

APPROACHES DETERMINING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF A NATURAL SECONDARY WHITE BIRCH FOREST

Concernedintl1eresearchonforestevapotranspiration(ET)-thereweren1an}:resultsaboutn1easure111ent-detern1iningmethods-andexperimentalandmathematical111ode1sbefore.Duringl92o's,RussianlIRaIIoBandGermanHubenrespecti\!cl};proposedtheFieldInstantWeighing111ethod'inwhichthebranchesortxvigsofplantsxverecutdownandweighed.Duringl93O's'JapaneseYrefdetlt[15usedakindofevaporatingapparatusn1adeofpapertosimulatethetranspirationofleaves.Duringl95o's,waterbalanceandheatbalancemethodstvereextensivelyusedb…     

Influence of felling season,drying method and within-tree location on the brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content of wood from 27–35-year-old Betula pendula

The Brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were measured from thinning-aged silver birch wood. Wood material both from the trees harvested in the first commercial thinning and from trees remaining on site after the thinning was included. The average Brinell hardness was 19.40 MPa. It correlated significantly with the basic density of wood. With respect to the distance from the pith, the Brinell hardness of air-dried wood was higher than that of artificially dried wood. The average EMC of the conditioned (20°C, 65% relative humidity) wood was 12.0%. The EMC of the wood also varied, with the EMC being higher for air-dried wood than for kiln-dried wood. EMC was the highest at a distance of 30–40 mm from the pith, decreasing towards both pith and log surface. Seasonal variation in both the Brinell hardness and the EMC of the wood was found. It was presumed to be a consequence of season-dependent physiological changes in trees.     

The response of organic matter mineralisation to nutrient and substrate additions in sub-arctic soils

Global warming in the Arctic may alter decomposition rates in Arctic soils and therefore nutrient availability. In addition, changes in the length of the growing season may increase plant productivity and the rate of labile C input below ground. We carried out an experiment in which inorganic nutrients (NH₄NO₃ and NaPO₄) and organic substrates (glucose and glycine) were added to soils sampled from across the mountain birch forest-tundra heath ecotone in northern Sweden (organic and mineral soils from the forest, and organic soil only from the heath). Carbon dioxide production was then monitored continuously over the following 19 days. Neither inorganic N nor P additions substantially affected soil respiration rates when added separately. However, combined N and P additions stimulated microbial activity, with the response being greatest in the birch forest mineral soil (57% increase in CO₂ production compared with 26% in the heath soil and 8% in the birch forest organic soil). Therefore, mineralisation rates in these soils may be stimulated if the overall nutrient availability to microbes increases in response to global change, but N deposition alone is unlikely to enhance decomposition. Adding either, or both, glucose and glycine increased microbial respiration. Isotopic separation indicated that the mineralisation of native soil organic matter (SOM) was stimulated by glucose addition in the heath soil and the forest mineral soil, but not in the forest organic soil. These positive ‘priming’ effects were lost following N addition in forest mineral soil, and following both N and P additions in the heath soil. In order to meet enhanced microbial nutrient demand, increased inputs of labile C from plants could stimulate the mineralisation of SOM, with the soil C stocks in the tundra-heath potentially most vulnerable.     

天然次生白桦林凋落物的分解及其生态效应

1988～1990年间以长白山支脉张广才岭帽儿山老爷岭生态站天然次生白桦林为研究对象,对林分凋落物的积累,组成与分解进行了定位观察研究。结果表明,38年生白桦林凋落物的现存量为13.644t/ha,其中叶为10.49t/ha,枝为2.58t/ha,树皮、种实、动物尸体及粪便等仅为0.57t/ha,年凋落盈为3.38t/ha,年分解量为0.633t/ha,年分解率为18.7％。