亚洲1型口蹄疫病毒L蛋白缺失株的构建及其生物学定性

为确定口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)L蛋白缺失对其生物学特性的影响,本研究在已建立的Asia1型FMDV反向遗传操作平台基础上,利用融合PCR方法缺失L蛋白基因编码区,构建了缺失L蛋白的重组Asia1型FMDV(rFMDV-ΔL)。拯救病毒的一步生长曲线结果表明,rFMDV-ΔL与亲本病毒相比在BHK-21细胞中的复制水平下降10倍,乳鼠毒力试验表明rFMDV-ΔL的毒力比亲本毒株下降6倍。另外,rFMDV-ΔL在BHK-21细胞上产生病变的速度明显变慢,形成蚀斑的时间延长,致乳鼠死亡所需时间也比亲本毒株明显延长。本研究是关于亚洲1型FMDVL蛋白结构与功能研究的首次报道,为亚洲1型FMDVL蛋白结构与功能的研究奠定了基础。     

兔眼蓝莓火灾后修剪抢救技术研究初报

本文对遭受火灾的蓝莓植株开展不同高度修剪抢救试验,并调查了复活率、萌芽及新枝生长情况。结果表明：修剪高度在离地面≤5 cm和15 cm～20 cm两种处理都能萌芽抽枝,复活率达到100%。不同的修剪高度萌芽抽枝情况无规律性差异。当年新生枝以营养生长为主,部分新生枝在当年秋季出现花芽分化开始生殖生长。建议对遭受火灾为害的蓝莓植株及时修剪,保证成活率。     

禽腺联病毒全基因组的克隆及感染性病毒的拯救

为了克隆禽腺联病毒(Avian adeno-associated virus,AAAV)全基因组用于构建基因转移载体研究,以鸡胚致死孤儿病毒(CELO)作为辅助病毒与AAAV共接种SPF鸡胚进行AAAV的增殖,将AAAV约4.7kb双链基因组DNA与pCR2.1载体连接,构建了含AAAV全基因组的重组质粒pAAAV并进行了测序。序列分析表明,AAAV YZ-1株的基因组为4684bp,两端具有141bp的末端倒置重复序列和Rep蛋白结合位点特征序列,与GenBank中收录的AAAV DA-1株和VR-865株的核苷酸序列同源性分别为95.0%和92.2%。将pAAAV质粒转染CELO病毒感染的鸡胚肝细胞系,获得了感染性AAAV病毒粒子,结果证明克隆的AAAV基因组中存在与病毒复制和包装相关的正确关键序列,可用于重组AAAV载体的构建。     

从全长cDNA克隆恢复猪瘟病毒方法的研究

以携带猪瘟病毒Thiverval株全长cDNA克隆的pAC/F101/T1-7载体质粒为模板,在体外转录病毒基因组RNA,并转染PK-15和BHK-21细胞,通过传代、RT-PCR、免疫过氧化物酶细胞单层试验鉴定,成功地在两种细胞中拯救出具有感染性的病毒粒子。同时,通过2种细胞转染效率的对比试验,成功建立了利用高转染效率的其它真核细胞作为病毒拯救的过渡细胞,然后再在猪肾细胞系上进行增殖的病毒拯救方式,极大提高了猪瘟病毒拯救的效率。     

Methodology for creating alloplasmic soybean lines by using Glycine tomentella as a maternal parent

Soybean breeders have not exploited the diversity of the 26 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd. that are distantly related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and harbour useful genes. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for introgressing cytoplasmic and genetic diversity from Glycine tomentella PI 441001 (2n = 78) into cultivated soybean using ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40) as the male parent. Immature seeds (19–21 days post‐pollination) were cultured in vitro to produce F₁ plants (2n = 59). Amphidiploid (2n = 118) plants, induced by colchicine treatment, were vigorous and produced mature pods and seeds after backcrossing with ‘Dwight’. The BC₁ plants (2n = 79) produced mature seeds in crosses with ‘Dwight’. Chromosome numbers in BC₂F₁ plants ranged from 2n = 41–50. From BC₂F₂ to BC₃F₁, the number of plants in parentheses with 2n = 40 (275), 2n = 41 (208), 2n = 42 (80), 2n = 43 (27), 2n = 44 (12) and 2n = 45 (3) were identified. Fertile lines were grown in the field during 2012 and 2013. This is the first report of the successful development of new alloplasmic soybean lines with cytoplasm from G. tomentella.     

Interspecific hybridization between Cicer arietinum and C. pinnatifidum

An interspecific hybrid between Cicer arietinum cv. GL 769 and a wild species C. pinnatifidum was obtained after emasculation, pollination and application of growth regulators. Ovules were cultured and embryos were later dissected to obtain hybrid plants. These plants were albinos and morphologically resembled C. pinnatifidum. Shrivelled seeds were also obtained in 2% of the crosses, which on germination gave rise to albino plants. These plants did not survive beyond 20 days. The hybrid nature of these plants was confirmed by esterase isozyme studies. Hybrid shoots obtained from germinating embryos were cultured on modified ML-6 medium with BAP 2 mg/1, IAA 0.5 mg/1, where they turned green after 3–4 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on leaf sections from green hybrid shoots showed an improvement in the chloroplast structure, with better organized grana.     

洪涝对早、中稻生产的影响调查与研究结果简报

笔者调查了洪涝灾害对早、中稻生产的影响,仔细记录了水稻受淹症状,且对早稻不同熟期、不同受淹时间进行了取样测产和考种,得出初步结论：幼穗坏死、花粉破坏是早稻减产的主要原因,对中稻主要影响是分蘖推迟,生育期延长;处于孕穗至乳熟期被淹没的早稻的临界死苗时间是5.4天,约130 h,全部枯死时间是8天以上;处于分蘖期被淹没的中稻临界死苗时间是6天,约140 h,全部腐烂死亡时间也是8天以上。并提出了施救原则和措施。