电机护环钢在硝酸盐溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的控制过程研究

本文在文献［１］基础上，运用金相，电化学方法研究了５０Ｍｎ１８Ｃｒ４电机护环钢依照ＱＨＪ－７９试验标准在硝酸盐介质中应力腐蚀开裂（即ＳＣＣ）的性质，结果指出，此体系中ＳＣＣ的控制过程为阳极溶解。     

无公害技术在防治春尺蠖上的应用

阐述了春尺蠖的危害、发生规律及防治方法。利用糖醋盘 ,灯光诱杀成虫 ,在树干上捆绑草绳 ,喷涂毒环阻止成虫上树产卵及使用无公害生物制剂防治幼虫效果较好     

Pelargonium flower-break and pelargonium line pattern viruses in the Netherlands; purification,antiserum preparation,serological identification,and detection in pelargonium by ELISA

Two viruses, detected frequently in the Netherlands in pelargonium, were identified by serology and test plant reactions. Antisera were prepared and an ELISA procedure was developed to detect the viruses in pelargonium.One of the viruses, PFBV-N, proved to be pelargonium flower-break virus. With the antiserum to PFBV-N, it could be detected reliably throughout the year inPelargonium zonale Springtime Irene.The other virus, PLPV-N, was serologically closely related to pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) and to pelargonium ring pattern virus (PRPV), as were an old virus isolate from Saturnus, collected in the Netherlands in 1971 (L128), and PLPV isolates from Yugoslavia (PLPV-Y) and Denmark (PLPV-D). There were only minor differences in host-plant reactions between the virus isolates. Based on these tests, PLPV and PRPV are considered as isolates of the same virus, for which, for practical reasons, the name pelargonium line pattern virus is proposed.PLPV could be reliably detected by ELISA inP. zonale Springtime Irene and Amanda throughout the year with only a few exceptions. InPelargonium peltatum Tavira, however, reslts were erratic due to uneven distribution of virus in the plant. Best results were obtained when petioles of fully expanded leaves were tested.     

Growth loss of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani) stands as related to periodic outbreaks of the cedar shoot moth (Dichelia cedricola)

An outbreak ofDichelia cedricola (Diakonoff) (Lep.: Tortricidae), the cedar shoot moth (CSM), began in spring 1998 and lasted 3 years. This was the first monitored outbreak of the CSM in Isparta, Turkey. Tree crowns recovered to near normal condition by the middle of each growing season (in early June) during the outbreak. Tree volume and volume element increments were examined throughout the outbreak cycle from 1954 to 2001. In the past, CSM activity in stands of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) was assessed through radial increment analyses. Cedar tree ring chronologies were analyzed for evidence of the CSM. Tree-ring chronologies from nonhost cedar (nondefoliated sample trees) were used to estimate potential growth in the host cedar (defoliated sample trees) during current and past outbreaks; all trees selected were the same subspecies and varieties. Regional outbreaks of the CSM were identified by synchronous and sustained growth periods of the trees. In 2001, increment cores were collected from 17 host and 16 nonhost dominant or codominant trees and annual radial growth indices from 1954–2001 were calculated for each of two host and two nonhost sample plots. Growth functions were defined as the cumulative sum of radial, height, and volume increment, and were graphically compared between CSM host cedar and nonhost cedar trees. Tree ring evidence suggests that a large-scale outbreak occurred in 1955 (from 1955 to 1966) and a small outbreak occurred in 1985 (1985–1990) and in 1998 (1998-continued) in the study area. The average diameter growth reductions around 1955, 1985 and 1998 were 40%, 46% and 7% of potential, respectively. It was concluded that a narrow latewood band is significant indicator of defoliation by the CSM and the outbreaks appear to be associated with dry winter and spring weather prior to the autumn and winter in which wood feeding occurred. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 24, 2004.     

环切对糯米糍荔枝果实大小和裂果的影响

结果母枝和主枝环切处理导致糯米糍荔枝的果实大小显著减小,裂果率显著增加,环切圈以上叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量显著增加,结果母枝中的可溶性糖含量增加,果实中的总糖与蔗糖含量则显著地降低。据此认为,近几年来,糯米糍的果个比20世纪80年代明显减小,裂果增加,很可能与生产中多年连续施行主枝环切(或环剥)技术有关,而碳水化合物运入果实量的减少可能是环切导致果实变小的原因之一。     

一例大食蚁兽贫血的诊治及分析

2017年天津市动物园首次引进大食蚁兽(Myrmecophaga tridactyla),雌、雄各1只,并于2018年7月16日产下1只雌性幼仔。在哺乳期间,雌兽面部出现丘疹状水泡,嗜睡,活动时快速徘徊,显现烦躁状态,四肢明显无力,食欲不佳,易呕吐,反复出血性肠炎。2019年9月,雌兽食量降至健康时的1/3,体重降至35 kg,减少15 kg。血生化检查显示,血氨与治疗后对比异常升高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容偏低。血涂片瑞氏染色可见薄型红血球、卡波德环状小体和偏心红血球。根据实验室检查结果,初步诊断为营养性巨幼细胞贫血合并缺铁性贫血。治疗原则为保肝护肝,补充叶酸、维生素B₁₂和多种矿物质,降低饲料动物性蛋白质含量,调理胃肠道菌群。经过为期1年的治疗调理,该食蚁兽食欲、活动良好,体重增加至45 kg,各项指标趋于正常。     

苹果抗轮纹病机制研究进展

在中国引起苹果轮纹病的病原菌为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea),其主要通过自然孔口直接侵染苹果,并分泌细胞降解酶等使苹果组织降解以促进病菌的进一步侵染,而苹果可通过增强细胞壁的木质化、释放抗菌化合物以及产生免疫蛋白等抑制病菌。通过对苹果轮纹病的危害及病原菌种类、病菌侵染机制、苹果的抗性机制等方面的详细综述,为有效防治苹果轮纹病提供理论依据。     

西伯利亚落叶松树轮稳定碳同位素对气候的响应

利用采自阿尔泰山南坡东段正格采点的西伯利亚落叶松树轮样本,建立树轮宽度年表,对比宽度年表,按照树轮稳定碳同位素研究步骤,提取树轮稳定碳同位素序列（δ¹³C）和去趋势序列（DS）。分析表明：阿尔泰山南坡东部近160 a西伯利亚落叶松树轮δ¹³C变化于-22.8‰～-25.4‰,平均值为-24.0‰,变差系数-0.017。相关分析表明：正格采点树轮宽度序列对各气候要素相关不显著;树轮去趋势序列（DS）对前期气候因子的响应也不敏感;在生长季内（5~9月）,树轮去趋势序列（DS）与富蕴气象站平均气温、平均最高气温和平均相对湿度有较好的相关性,树木生长季内的平均气温、平均最高气温与树轮去趋势序列（DS）显著正相关,6~7月平均最高气温与去趋势序列（DS）相关达到0.611（P<0.000 001);与生长季内平均相对湿度呈负相关关系,其中6~7月相对湿度与去趋势序列（DS）相关最高(r=-0.493, P<0.001),与7月降水量呈负相关关系(r=-0.459, P<0.01)。生长季内的平均最高气温和相对湿度对阿尔泰山西伯利亚落叶松树轮δ¹³C的响应最为敏感,阿尔泰山西伯利亚落叶松树木碳同位素分馏的主要控制因子为6~7月的平均最高气温,降水对树轮稳定碳同位素影响不大,相对湿度对树轮稳定碳同位素没有直接影响。     

树干涂毒环防治下树转移沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫研究

观察研究沙棘木蠹蛾当年生幼虫的下树转移危害习性,利用该习性采取在树干上涂毒环、绑毒绳的方法控制该虫。观察发现,2005年9月1日到18日,幼虫绝大多数是在09：00-16：00间下树转移,极少数是在20：00-08：00下树;2005年9月18日以后未曾在早上和夜晚观察到下树幼虫,幼虫都是在10：00-16：00间下树。幼虫从排粪处爬出,顺着树干向下爬,到地面时继续沿着树干钻入土层,最后找到适宜的场所,停留在树根部的树皮裂缝处。用中西杀灭菊酯与金天敌长效缓释剂按1：9的比例混合配成毒剂涂干,环宽5cm,施药第5天对沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫的防治效果为100％,第30天防治效果在80％以上。     

拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响

[目的]研究拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响,为干旱荒漠区富士苹果促花促果技术的推广提供依据.[方法]以4年生富士苹果幼树为试材,采用拉枝+主枝环剥和拉枝+主枝、主干环割的方式促花促果.[结果]富士苹果幼树的树高较对照显著降低,冠径较对照显著减小,中心延长枝与主枝延长枝长度较对照显著缩短;1年生枝量分...