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1.
A. Bhogal A. Bhogal M.A. Shepherd D.J. Hatch L. Brown S.C. Jarvis 《Soil Use and Management》2001,17(3):163-172
Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization. 相似文献
2.
Sandy‐textured Mediterranean soils are invariably depleted in organic matter and supply only small amounts of N to crops. To compensate for these deficiencies, we tested the N supply from six organic wastes applied to a Cambic Arenosol in pots growing ryegrass. The results showed that the behaviour of the wastes in supplying N to a ryegrass crop grown in this soil can be predicted by observing their performance in laboratory aerobic incubations. The N made available during these incubations fitted well to a one‐pool kinetic model. 相似文献
3.
N. A. Khan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(5):331-334
In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha−1 ) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha−1 and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN90 ) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha −1 and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN90. 相似文献
4.
Forty Swiss Large White piglets of 4 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of dietary Chinese rhubarb on growth performance, as well as on energy and nitrogen metabolism by means of indirect respiration calorimetry studies. A cereal-based diet, supplemented with four different dosages of Chinese rhubarb (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), was offered ad libitum to the piglets. Gaseous exchange was measured, and urine, faeces, and blood samples were taken. The addition of 0.25% dietary rhubarb increased feed intake (+32%) and daily weight gain (+67%) compared to the diet containing the greatest amount of rhubarb (1%). The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.25% rhubarb digested and metabolised more energy and nitrogen relative to the animals of treatment 1%. As a consequence, the same group (0.25%) converted more energy and nitrogen into body protein than piglets receiving diet supplemented with 1% rhubarb. However, compared to the control group, the addition of 0.25% rhubarb to the diet resulted in not significantly alter growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of the animals.Blood parameters were not affected by the rhubarb supplementation. The dose-responding effect of Chinese rhubarb was reflected by the dry matter content of faecal samples. According to the laxative effect of higher doses of rhubarb, the addition of 1% rhubarb to the diet reduced dry matter content of faeces. This effect was well visible in practice, although not relevant in statistical terms. The addition of 0.5% dietary rhubarb had no relevant effect on growth performance or on energy and nitrogen metabolism of treated animals. 相似文献
5.
内蒙河套灌区盐碱低产田建立有机质富积层改土培肥效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过连续四年在内蒙古河套灌区低产盐碱地定点、定位试验与定时测土分析,明确了土壤耕层增施有机物料建立有机质富积层,能够改善土壤理化性状,尤其是能降低土壤表层含盐量,提高作物保苗率和显著增加作物产出量。 相似文献
6.
The effect of 50% shading and NO3:NH4 ratio (0:100, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) in the nutrient solution on growth, yield, quality and N metabolism in hydroponically grown strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa var Camarosa) was evaluated. Both fresh and dry weights of leaves were significantly lower when a high concentration of either NO3 (100%) or NH4 (75%) was the sole N source in the nutrient solution. In unshaded plants, increasing of both NH4 and NO3 ratio in the nutrient solution reduced photosynthetic (Pn) rate, however in shaded plants the reduction of Pn became more pronounced at a higher ratio of NH4 in the nutrient solution. The yield in terms of fresh and dry weight of fruit per plant was significantly increased at the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO3:NH4) treatments. Fruit size was significantly affected by the treatments, so that the biggest fruits in both shaded and unshaded plants were obtained under the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO3:NH4) treatments. Total soluble solid (TSS) in unshaded plants was increased with increasing NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution, however in shaded plants it was reduced at high NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution. In both shaded and unshaded plants, higher concentration of NH4 significantly reduced the post-harvest life of the fruits. The increase of tissue N concentration was nearly proportional to the NH4 concentration in the nutrient solution. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was increased by increasing NH4 from 0 to 50% and then reduced at a higher ratio of NH4 in the solution. Shading increased NH4 concentration so that the shaded plant had nearly twice as high NH4 concentration in the leaves. The increase of NH4 concentration induced by shading could be partially the reduction of NH4 assimilate because of the shortage of carbohydrate. 相似文献
7.
在一个连续进行了 8年N肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 N60 kg· hm~(-2)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明:在肥沃土壤里NH_4~+是速效N的主要存在形式,而NO_3~-的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 NH_4~-,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 NO_3~-。施肥增加土壤速效 N的含量。土壤 NO_3~-的季节性变化表明 5至 6月份土壤中 NO_3~-的含量高,而花前和 7月份土壤中 NO_3~-含量低。 P、K在清耕带 10 cm以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 0~ 10cm土层中K的含量高于生草地。P的含量不受影响。施N减少了土壤P、K的含量。土壤中Mg的含量分布均匀,不受施N和地面管理制度的影响。 相似文献
8.
9.
为探索陕西关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系氮肥减量增效潜力,构建适宜的作物养分管理体系,于2018-2019年采用田间试验研究了减氮并配施不同肥料对麦玉复种体系作物生长状况、植株氮素积累分配、作物产量以氮素利用效率的影响。试验设置5个处理:常规施氮(225 kg·hm-2,N100);减氮20%(180 kg·hm-2 ,N80);减氮配施生物炭(180 kg·hm-2,生物炭22 500 kg·hm-2,N80+BC);减氮配施缓释肥(180 kg·hm-2,尿素∶缓释肥=1∶1,N80+S);减氮配施微生物菌肥(180 kg·hm-2,微生物菌肥3 600 kg·hm-2 ,N80+BF)。结果表明:减氮及其配施不同肥料对夏玉米大喇叭口期后株高、干物质和氮素积累没有显著影响;而N80+BF促进了夏玉米氮素向籽粒中的分配;N80+BC提高了夏玉米产量和收获指数,且较N80处理分别显著提高8.3%和20.1%;减氮下三种配施处理均能提高夏玉米氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力,且以N80+BC处理表现最佳,较N100分别显著提高43.3%和29.0%,较N80分别显著提高45.8%和8.3% ;N80+BC和N80+BF还能显著提高夏玉米氮肥表观表观回收率,二者较N100显著增加18.1%和10.7% ,较N80处理显著增加26.9%和19.0%。与N80相比,N80+BF有效提高了冬小麦扬花期和成熟期分蘖数、茎蘖成穗率以及成熟期干物质和氮素积累量,并能显著提高冬小麦穗数和产量,增幅分别为13.7%和16.2%。减氮下3种配施处理均能提高冬小麦氮农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用率,其中氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力在N80+BF处理表现最佳,较N100分别显著提高了31.2%和28.4%,较N80分别显著提高了33.7%和16.2%,氮素利用率在N80+S处理表现最佳。综上所述,减氮及其配施处理中,180 kg·hm-2配施生物炭(22 500 kg·hm-2)和180 kg·hm-2配施微生物菌肥(3 600 kg·hm-2)更有利于作物生长,促进氮素积累与分配,提高作物产量和氮素利用效率,实现关中地区麦玉复种体系氮肥管理的“减量增效”。 相似文献
10.
为了研究不同施肥水平对黑小麦产量和氮利用率的影响,在洪洞县小麦试验基地开展大田试验。试验以“运黑161”为供试品种,采用单因素完全随机设计,设0 kg/hm2(N0)、144 kg/hm2(N144)、192 kg/hm2(N192)、240 kg/hm2(N240)4 个施氮水平,研究黑小麦在不同氮肥水平下的株高、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮利用率的变化。研究表明,与不施肥相比,施氮可增加黑小麦孕穗至成熟期株高。随施氮量的增加,成熟期穗数和穗粒数也增加,产量以施氮量240 kg/hm2最高,达6 048.45 kg/hm2,较其它氮肥提高6.04%~134.30%,但与施氮量192 kg/hm2处理间差异不显著。氮肥农学利用率以施氮量192 kg/hm2最高,达16.26%。总之,施氮量为192 kg/hm2更利于“运黑161”降低氮肥投入,节约成本,实现产量和氮效率的同步提升。 相似文献