鸡新城疫流行动态纵横观及其防制对策

根据近几年对传染性疾病发展情况的调查来看，发病数量最多的是鸡新城疫病。虽然新城疫只有一个血清型，但不同毒株间致病力不同，临床症状表现不同，而且近十年来，不同时期、不同日龄鸡群疾病流行状况亦不尽相同。     

鸡新城疫免疫失败的原因调查

<正>鸡新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由副黏病毒科副黏病毒亚科腮腺炎病毒属新城疫病毒(NDV)引起的一种高度传染性的急性败血性传染病,被国际兽医局定为A类烈性传染病。该病又称为新城鸡瘟、亚洲鸡瘟、伪鸡瘟等。近年来,全国各地鸡场新城疫     

应用新城疫弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗防制鸭副黏病毒病的探索

新城疫病毒（NDV）属副黏病毒科副黏病毒属,其基因组由负股单链RNA构成。新城疫（ND）是禽类一种急性、高度接触性,严重危害我国养禽业的重要传染病。一般认为除鸡、火鸡等宿主外,其他禽类尤其水禽对ND有较强的抵抗力,即使感染也不表现明显的临床症状。然而,许多事实证明水禽不仅仅是NDV的贮存库和传播者,也可自然感染发病以及死亡。笔者从鸭子中分离的NDV对鸡、水禽有致病性,而有的NDV分离株毒力弱,但经鸡胚传代后则毒力增强很快。目前尚无鸭专用新城疫疫苗可供使用,但可能取得一定的进展。本试验借鉴鸡的新城疫的防制采用新城疫弱毒疫苗与灭活疫苗的联合应用对发病鸭进行免疫,为鸭副黏病毒感染的防制提供有力证据。     

非典型鸡新城疫的诊断及免疫防制

新城疫又称＂鸡瘟＂,一旦发病其对养鸡业的危害十分大。是由新城疫病毒引起的一种急性、高度接触性、败血性传染病。本病于1926年首次暴发于英国的新城,现已在全球许多国家传播,因其传播速度快,发病率和死亡率高,所以当时有人将此病命名为＂新城疫＂,一直沿用至今。随着我国养禽业的发展,鸡新城疫这一古老的传染病也在发生着变化。目前由于养殖场对新城疫病的忽视,加之出现了混合型和非典型性鸡新城疫病的发生,     

疑似鸡新城疫病的诊治

（一）发病经过2010年7月,家住巴林右旗大板镇的一养殖户,饲养海兰褐蛋鸡5000只。160日龄时发病,至170日龄出现零星死亡,送旗化验室检验,根据临床症状、病理变化、镜检结果怀疑为鸡新城疫病,后经对症治疗得到控制。     

重组新城疫病毒载体疫苗研究进展

新城疫病毒(NDV)作为疫苗载体可以在宿主的呼吸道组织细胞中有效复制,诱导产生针对外来抗原的局部和全身免疫反应。NDV的基因组较大,可以很好地容纳外源基因。作为RNA病毒,与宿主细胞发生DNA重组的可能性较小。由于宿主范围的限制,人群中没有预先存在的NDV抗体,NDV对人类来说相对安全。因此,NDV作为一种疫苗载体颇受关注。论文简要论述了NDV的生物学特征,外源基因的插入方式,重点阐述了重组新城疫病毒载体疫苗的研究进展,以期为设计其他有效的兽用和人用活载体疫苗提供参考。     

用胶体金免疫电镜技术检测新城疫病毒

本研究应用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备了20nm的胶体金颗粒标记NDV抗体,并且用直接电镜、免疫电镜和胶体金免疫电镜技术比较观察了新城疫病毒。证明胶体金免疫电镜技术作为检测NDV的检测方法具有简单、快速、准确和无污染等优点。     

企鹅暴发新城疫

1999年上海某动物园观赏企鹅突然发病、死亡 ,对其中 2只死亡企鹅进行微生物学检查、病理组织切片和HI、HA试验 ,诊断出企鹅发病是由于感染了新城疫病毒     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.