Effects of supplemental palygorskite instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and fecal zinc excretion in weaned piglets

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of palygorskite instead of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and zinc contents in serum and feces in weaned piglets. One hundred and sixty‐five piglets (28 days of age, 7.10 ± 0.86 kg) were allotted to five treatments on the basis of weight and sex. Each treatment included three replicates of 11 piglets. The piglets were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (control group), 1800 mg/kg, 2400 mg/kg, or 3000 mg/kg palygorskite or 2500 mg/kg ZnO for 28 days. There was no significant difference for incidence of diarrhea among the four treatments during the 0–14‐day feeding period. Compared with the control group, piglets offered diets supplemented with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite had higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and crude protein digestibility. Fecal digestibility of energy in 1800 mg/kg palygorskite and ZnO groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Both the zinc concentrations in serum and fecal zinc excretion in palygorskite groups and control group were all lower (P < 0.05) than that in the ZnO group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1800 mg/kg palygorskite can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility and can also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weaned piglets.     

Formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma-like ham without nitrate or nitrite

Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) is a characteristic red pigment in meat products that are manufactured without the addition of a curing agent such as nitrate or nitrite. To examine the effects of impurities such as mineral components in sea salt on the formation of ZPP, we manufactured Parmatype dry-cured hams that were salted with refined salt or sea salt and examined the involvement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the formation of ZPP. The content of ZPP was increased drastically after 40 weeks. Microscopic observation showed strong fluorescence caused by ZPP muscle fiber after 40 weeks. Conversely, heme content varied considerably during processing. ORP increased during processing. However, there was no obvious difference between ham salted with refined salt and that salted with sea salt. Therefore, it was concluded that impurities in sea salt were not involved in the formation of ZPP.     

Metal‐Associated Forms and Speciation in Biosolid‐Amended Oxisols

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pH and ionic strength on the distribution and speciation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) in surface soil samples from two Brazilian Oxisols amended with biosolids. Soils and biosolids were equilibrated in an experimental dual‐chamber diffusion apparatus that permits the soils and biosolids to react through a solution phase via diffusion across a membrane. After equilibrium was reached, soil and biosolids samples were sequentially fractionated to identify various solid forms of Zn, Cu, and Cd. Metal concentrations in the solution phase were determined and mass balance calculated. Equilibrating pH had no major effect on Cu solubility from biosolids and, at pH range from 4 to 7, most Cu remained in the biosolids. Soluble Zn and Cd concentration increased with decreasing pH because of the increased solubility of the biosolids. Copper and Zn were primarily associated with the residual fraction and Fe oxides in one soil, but were primarily associated with chemically unstable fractions, or adsorbed to the surface of oxides, in the other soil. In both soils, Cd was primarily associated with readily bioavailable fractions. The effect of pH on the metal distribution was more evident than the ionic strength effect. Free ions were the predominant metal species in solution, especially at lower pH values.     

苯甲酸荧光法研究牛血酶解液锌螯合物清除羟自由基活性

研究牛血酶解液锌螯合物通过苯甲酸荧光法清除羟自由基的效果,为提高动物血液蛋白资源的利用和开发抗氧化活性新物质提供理论依据。建立了苯甲酸荧光光度法,确定使用该方法时苯甲酸的加入量和反应时间,研究H2O2用量对荧光强度的影响和牛血酶解液锌螯合物对羟自由基的清除效果。当苯甲酸浓度为0.6 mmol/L,反应时间为20 min时,荧光强度最大;当H2O2浓度在10~50 mmol/L时,H2O2浓度与产物的荧光强度呈线性关系;牛血酶解液锌螯合物有较强的羟自由基清除能力,达到80.8%(RSD=2.6%),比同浓度Vc溶液的清除效果好。苯甲酸荧光光度法操作简便,灵敏度高,重现性好,且不受水解液中血红素的干扰,可广泛用于水溶性有色抗氧化物质清除羟自由基能力的检测。     

安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤的有效态锌测定

锌是植物必需的微量营养元素,为探寻安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量,试验用原子吸收分光光度法对安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量进行测定,试验结果表明,用100 mL HCl+H2SO4(3∶1)混酸在50℃下浸取6 h后用原子吸收分光光度计测定的有效态锌的含量最高,为5.892μg/g,加标回收率为97.3%~104.5%,测定方法精密度好、准确度较高,简便可行。     

石灰性褐土中磷锌镉相互作用对其有效性的影响

采用室内培养的方法,研究了石灰性褐土中磷、锌、镉相互作用对土壤中磷、锌、镉有效性的影响。结果表明：（1）磷锌共同培养时,施锌提高了土壤速效磷含量,且随培养时间的延长而降低。在相同锌浓度处理下,土壤中的有效锌含量随施磷量的增加而增加,不同锌浓度处理下,有效锌含量随土壤培养时间的延长而显著降低。（2）磷镉共同培养时,施镉对土壤速效磷含量影响不明显;施磷降低了有效镉含量,但效果不显著;且都随时间的延长而降低。（3）锌镉共同培养时,在培养的前30d,土壤中有效锌含量随施镉浓度增加而降低,但在30d后,有效锌含量有增加的趋势。土壤中有效镉含量在不同锌-镉处理下随培养时间变化有较大差异：在Cd3处理下,加入高浓度锌后显著降低土壤有效镉含量;Cd30处理下,在培养前30d,锌的施入对土壤中有效镉含量影响不明显,但30d以后,土壤有效镉含量随施入锌浓度的增加而显著降低。说明两者的竞争机制随时间的延长发生变化,且施锌能明显降低镉的毒性。     

低温胁迫下增施锌肥对水稻氮代谢与干物质积累的影响

[目的]施锌是缓解低温胁迫对水稻伤害的有效途径之一,低温胁迫下研究增加施锌量对水稻氮代谢与物质积累的影响,为低温年提高水稻抗低温能力提供理论依据.[方法]采用三叶一心期水稻幼苗进行水培试验,设置低(Zn?0.08?μmol/L)、常规(Zn?0.15?μmol/L)、高(Zn?0.30?μmol/L)?3个ZnSO4·...     

饲粮锌、硒和维生素E水平对后备母猪生长发育及生殖激素的影响

选择日龄、体况较一致的二元杂(长白×约克)后备母猪27头,采用L9(34)正交表安排试验,共9个试验组,每组3个重复。饲粮锌、硒和维生素E均设置3个水平,分别为:锌(45.0mg/kg,85.0mg/kg,125mg/kg);硒(0.10mg/kg,0.25mg/kg,0.40mg/kg);维生素E(15IU/kg,30IU/kg,45IU/kg),目的是研究饲粮微量元素锌、硒和维生素E对后备母猪生长发育和血清生殖激素参数的影响规律。结果表明在喂给含锌量85mg/kg,含硒量0.25mg/kg,含维生素E量45IU/kg饲粮时:(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早,分别为(187.4±6.6)d,(185.9±8.4)d,(189.1±7.3)d(P<0.05);(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄情况下均显示最高水平(P<0.05或P<0.10)。综合所考察的参数,后备母猪饲粮中含锌85mg/kg,含硒0.25mg/kg,含维生素E45IU/kg是适当的组合用量。     

军曹鱼幼鱼日粮锌最适添加量的研究

试验选用234尾军曹鱼随机分为6个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复13尾鱼,采用单因素浓度梯度法研究军曹鱼幼鱼商品饲料中锌的最适添加量。在基础日粮(锌含量为75.47mg/kg)中分别添加锌0、30、70、110、150和190mg/kg,制成6种试验日粮,分别投喂军曹鱼幼鱼6周。试验结果表明,基础日粮组鱼成活率、饲料系数、特定生长率、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、肌肉和血清锌含量与添加锌组无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加锌组骨骼和肝脏锌含量与基础日粮组差异显著(P<0.05),表现为随锌添加的增加而上升的趋势。以成活率和特定生长率为评价指标,军曹鱼商品日粮中的锌含量可以满足其正常生长需求,不需要额外添加锌。     

锌钼营养对苦瓜产量、品质及叶片氮素代谢的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了锌钼营养对苦瓜（品种株洲长白）产量、品质及叶片氮素代谢的影响。结果表明:在土壤缺锌、钼的条件下,叶面喷施一定范围质量浓度配比的硫酸锌和钼酸钠均可显著提高苦瓜产量,并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素C（Vc）和17种氨基酸,尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量,降低NO3-含量,改善苦瓜品质;锌钼营养还可提高叶片蛋白质、核酸含量以及硝酸还原酶（NR）活性,并降低游离氨基酸、NO3-含量和核糖核酸酶（RNase）活性。在对叶片氮素代谢的影响程度上,锌和钼的作用存在一定的差异,且锌和钼呈现相互促进作用。苦瓜产量与叶片NR活性,叶片蛋白质与硝酸还原酶活性、核酸含量呈极显著正相关,而苦瓜产量与叶片RNase活性、叶片蛋白质与游离氨基酸、叶片核酸与RNase活性、叶片NO3-含量与硝酸还原酶活性等两两相互间则呈极显著负相关。讨论了锌钼对苦瓜品质和氮代谢的影响机理。