狗蔷薇PaWUS基因的超量表达诱导转基因烟草根尖形成不定芽

WUSCHEL是植物干细胞命运的决定基因,在植物发育过程中WUSCHEL基因的表达决定着干细胞的形成和器官的发生.从狗蔷薇的类原球茎中克隆出其同源基因；经过对其进行蛋白质序列比对和系统发育分析,将其命名为Ra WUS基因.构建在XVE系统下的化学调控的表达载体.在该系统下,Ra WUS基因的超量表达能诱导转基因烟草根尖形成不定芽；同时显微观察表明,根部的皮层中有圆球形的分生组织干细胞团的产生.结果表明:Ra WUS基因的过量表达能够促使根的皮层中薄壁细胞转变成为分生组织干细胞而形成不定芽在根尖异位发生,说明其能够在植物的根尖中诱导茎尖分生组织干细胞的活性和发育的可塑性.     

Production and Identification of Clone Sheep Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Donor Cell

In order to obtain the cloned sheep using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）as the donor cells,the BMSCs of sheep were chosen and reconstructed embryos were built to transfer.10 published microsatellite markers were chosen,and the DNA samples from clone sheep,donor cells and surrogate ewes were amplified,and the relationship of father-son（RCP）was analyzed using the Quantity One for genotyping.The results showed that the reconstructed embryos were successfully built for electric fusion using sheep BMSCs as nuclear donor,and making nuclear transplantation into enucleated mature oocytes of which the fusion rate was 80.62%.20 surrogate ewe were chosen to be implanted with the reconstructed embryos at morula stage by implant surgery,and 5 lambs were born and only 3 were survived.The genotype of cloned sheep was in line with the dornor cell and the RCP were more than 99.999%.In conclusion,the first clone sheep were obtained successfully by using BMSCs as a nuclear donor in this experiment.     

生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程及生殖格局的影响

以乌苏1号无芒雀麦为材料,设置2个生长环境（荒漠绿洲区、高海拔地带）,通过观测幼穗分化进程及开花习性,探究生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化及生殖格局的影响。结果表明,无芒雀麦幼穗分化从分蘖期开始至抽穗期结束,分为初生期、伸长期、结节期、小穗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期和完穗期8个时期。幼穗分化是从生长锥顶端第1枝梗原基与小花原基开始分化,相同小枝梗上原基与小花原基均是自下逐渐向上发育;整穗是从顶部向下逐渐开花,下部枝梗开花时间小于上部枝梗;小穗上的小花由下向上逐步开花。与荒漠绿洲区相比,高海拔地带的无芒雀麦幼穗分化时间晚,周期缩短,穗部赤霉素（GA）、脱落酸（ABA）及叶片可溶性蛋白含量相对较高,细胞分裂素（CTK）含量和种子千粒重较低,但高海拔地带单穗成熟种子粒数与单位面积内种子产量高,更适合无芒雀麦种子生产。     

一种快速判别梨果梗的方法

果梗完好与否是梨品质检测的指标之一,因而对果梗情况进行准确判别具有重要意义。为此,通过计算机视觉系统摄取梨的图像,利用图像处理技术提出了一种能快速判别梨果梗有无的算法。该算法的识别正确率达90%,识别速度大约在20～30ms,实现了对梨果梗进行高速检测的目标。     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

软枣猕猴桃‘奇异莓6号’离体再生技术

以软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,具有成本低、取材方便、材料充足等优点,但以往的研究表明无芽茎段诱导再生率低。本试验以‘奇异莓6号’软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体,探究不同植物生长调节剂、光照强度、温度、苗龄对不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明：最佳外植体为苗龄30d的无芽茎段,在光照12h/d(光照强度50LX)、室温20℃下,不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2mg/L ZT,不定芽以间接途径发生,培养40d无芽茎段两端开始形成淡绿色愈伤组织,培养45d愈伤组织表面出现红色小点,开始形成不定芽,培养55d愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率及不定芽数均到最大,分别为100%、100%及18.87个/块。待苗长至3cm左右时转到MS+0.4mg/L ^IBA中进行生根培养,培养30d生根率可达100%、根数为8.53/株、根长1.68cm、根粗0.14cm。     

不同砧木对葡萄新梢省力化特性的影响

通过对不同砧穗组合的新梢生长量、新梢生长速率、节间长度、基部粗度及副梢萌发率的测定,研究不同砧木对‘夏黑’和‘87-1’葡萄新梢省力化特性的影响。并调查各个砧穗组合的结果系数,研究省力化特性参数与结果系数的关系。然后运用Topsis评价法对各个砧穗组合进行综合评价。结果表明,对于‘夏黑’葡萄来说,夏黑/华葡1号组合省力化特性最好,结果系数最大,夏黑/抗砧1号组合次之,夏黑/140Ru组合省力化特性最差,结果系数最小。对于‘87-1’葡萄而言,87-1/华葡1号省力化特性最好,结果系数最大,87-1/5C组合省力化特性最差,87-1/ 140Ru结果系数最小。综上,华葡1号与抗砧1号可以有效降低‘夏黑’和‘87-1’葡萄的新梢生长量及副梢萌发率,提高结果系数,控制营养生长,促进生殖生长。     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。     

冀西北高原还林地林带间水分动态与资源适度利用研究

针对冀西北坝上还林地间作的4种模式,对林带间水分进行监测研究。结果表明:4龄榆树与林带间荒草地耗水量差异不显著;林带间作大豆、苜蓿、小南瓜使得远林带点耗水量分别高于林带间荒草地5.2、11.6、20.0 mm,近林带点差异不显著;间种作物未影响幼林的生长,且能获得较好的经济产值;还林地间作小南瓜,不仅可通过瓜蔓郁蔽效应改善林带土壤水分,而且可获得当地主栽作物1.85倍的经济产值,是一生态-经济效益兼顾的幼林地资源适度利用范式。