杨(槐)根系淋洗物对槐(杨)根际微区养分状况的影响

采用根垫法分析杨树(刺槐)根系淋洗物对刺槐(杨树)根际微区养分迁移特性的影响,结果表明:浇刺槐根系淋洗物能提高杨树根际微区的NO3--N和NH4 -N水平,降低其N素养分亏缺率,在一定程度上缓解杨树根际微区N素缺乏状况;浇灌杨树根系淋洗物能提高刺槐根际微区的P素(尤其是非闭蓄态无机P)水平,降低其P素亏缺百分率,但效果不明显.     

寡日照天气对设施番茄生长影响模拟研究

为了定量化表征寡日照天气对设施番茄生长的影响,本研究基于EPIC模型(erosion-productivity impact calculator)的作物生长模块,构建了寡日照条件下设施番茄生长模型。考虑低温的影响,对株高的模拟方法进行了改进。利用4个不同播期秋冬茬番茄栽培试验数据对构建模型进行参数率定和检验。结果表明,该模型可以模拟寡日照天气条件下设施番茄株高、地上部生物量和叶面积指数的变化,模拟值与实测值的相对误差分别控制在16%、10%和16%以内。根据2012-2015年11月份的温室气象数据设定不同的情形,模拟设施番茄的生长状况。结果表明,寡日照天气对设施番茄地上部生物量增加的影响要大于对叶面积指数和株高的影响。该模型可用于定量描述寡日照天气对设施番茄生长过程的影响,可为制定设施番茄合理的环境调控策略提供指导。     

海藻酸钠溶液的流变学特性研究

海藻酸钠溶液具有一定的粘稠度和成膜性,可作为动物性食品防腐保鲜的涂膜物质,其流变学特性主要与增塑剂、溶液浓度、温度和pH 值等有关。     

管道对接环焊缝裂纹的防治措施

针对甬沪宁进口原油管道工程开工初期对接环焊缝常出现裂纹的现象,结合射线检测和解剖结果,对裂纹产生的位置和断口特征进行了具体分析.通过对下向焊焊接工艺和焊口的受力分析,解析出其产生裂纹的原因,提出了相应的防止对策.     

Vc液和活性炭对中华红叶杨外植体褐变的影响

[目的]为中华红叶杨种苗的快速繁殖提供依据。[方法]以红叶杨茎段为外植体,经Vc液振荡处理3 h后进行常规消毒处理,然后分别接种于附加不同含量活性炭的培养基上,不经Vc液处理为对照,研究Vc液处理和在培养基中加入活性炭及二者综合应用对红叶杨外植体褐变的影响。[结果]Vc液处理在外植体培养初期对褐变有一定的抑制作用,随时间延长其抑制作用减弱;当培养基中含0.3%的活性炭时,2周后可观察到绿色小芽点,8周后芽长达2 cm以上;对照组无明显变化;Vc液和活性炭综合应用对褐变的抑制效果最好,外植体长出的芽达0.9 cm长。[结论]用Vc液处理红叶杨外植体,同时在培养基中加入0.3%的活性炭,对外植体褐变有较好的抑制效果。     

Varietal tolerance to Zinc deficiency in wheat and barley grown in chelatorbuffered nutrient solution and its effect on uptake of Cu,Fe, and Mn

Tolerance to zinc (Zn) deficiency was examined for three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties grown in chelator‐buffered nutrient solution. Four indices were chosen to characterize tolerance to Zn deficiency: (1) relative shoot weight at low compared to high Zn supply (“Zn efficiency index”), (2) relative shoot to root ratio at low compared to high Zn supply, (3) total shoot uptake of Zn under deficient conditions, and (4) shoot dry weight under deficient conditions. Barley and wheat exhibited different tolerance to Zn deficiency, with barley being consistently more tolerant than wheat as assessed by all four indices. The tolerance to Zn deficiency in the barley varieties was in the order Thule=Tyra>Kinnan, and that of wheat in the order Bastian=Avle>Vinjett. The less tolerant varieties of both species accumulated more P in the shoots than the more tolerant varieties. For all varieties, the concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and P in shoot tissue were negatively correlated with Zn supply. This antagonism was more pronounced for Mn and P than for Cu and Fe. Accumulation of Cu in barley roots was extremely high under Zn‐deficient conditions, an effect not so clearly indicated in wheat.     

植物生长营养液对不同灌溉量马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响

【目的】明确不同灌溉量下植物生长营养液对马铃薯光合特性、产量及品质的影响。【方法】以马铃薯品种"克新1号"为材料,采取裂区设计,通过旱作、滴灌(灌溉量135mm)和喷灌(灌溉量270mm)试验,以清水为CK,研究喷施等量植物生长营养液对马铃薯叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率以及产量和品质的影响。【结果】在不同灌溉量下,植物生长营养液均能有效改善马铃薯的光合特性,与各自CK相比,马铃薯叶片SPAD值增加0.73%～15.82%,净光合速率增加7.29%～31.36%,气孔导度降低3.39%～25.45%,蒸腾速率降低1.88%～20.92%,马铃薯产量增加10.64%～33.62%,增产效果显著,增产幅度为旱作>滴灌>喷灌;商品薯率增加0.43%～9.57%,干物质含量增加5.13%～13.29%,淀粉含量增加8.43%～15.76%。【结论】植物生长营养液能增加马铃薯产量,改善其品质。3种灌溉量下,植物生长营养液对旱作马铃薯产量的增幅最大。     

低温弱光下辣椒幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及其与品种耐性的关系

选取4份耐低温弱光性不同的辣椒品种,以耐低温弱光指数作为品种耐性鉴定的依据,研究了四叶一心期,昼/夜温度10 ℃/5 ℃,光照70 μmol ? m-2 ? s-1的低温弱光下叶片叶绿素荧光特性,分析了其与耐低温弱光指数的关系。结果表明,低温弱光处理后,辣椒叶片的初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、光合系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）呈降低趋势;非光化学淬灭系数（qN）在处理3和5 d显著上升,处理7 d,非耐性品种qN显著下降,耐性品种qN显著上升或无显著变化;最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）和快速光响应曲线初始斜率（α）呈下降趋势;半饱和光强（Ik）在非耐性品种中呈下降趋势,但在耐性品种中呈上升趋势;随着光照强度不断增强,qP不断下降,但耐性品种发生完全光抑制的光强显著大于非耐性品种。Fo、Fm、qP、qN、Fv/Fm、rETRmax、α、Ik等叶绿素荧光参数与耐低温弱光指数显著相关,其中rETRmax最稳定灵敏。qP光响应曲线和rETRmax可作为实际生产中辣椒耐低温弱光的主要筛选指标。     

关于Smarandache LCM函数的数论函数方程S(SL(n11,12))=φ2(n)的可解性

研究了数论函数方程S(SL(n~(11)))=φ_2(n)及S(SL(n~(12)))=φ_2(n)的可解性问题,其中S(n)为Smarandache函数,SL(n)为Smarandache LCM函数,φ_2(n)为广义欧拉函数.利用初等数论的内容方法及计算技巧得到上述两个数论函数方程的所有正整数解.     

Tomato productivity and the associated composition of the hydroponic or soil solution

The concentration and balance of nutrients in both the hydroponic or soil solution has been evaluated with relevance to tomato productivity. Yields of 200 mt/ha have been produced in greenhouse, hydroponic culture in a 9 to 10 month period. Yields of more than 100 mt/ha of field grown tomatoes have been produced in Florida in a 4 to 5 month period. Within the limitations of either culture, it is possible per unit of time to provide the nutrients required to produce equivalent yields. It is most significant that field grown tomatoes in Florida can be grown with minimal management and at a fraction of the cost of those grown hydroponically. The validity of the Florida fresh market tomato industry is based on the production efficiency of the field culture. There are annually 16,000 ha of tomatoes grown in Florida, perhaps less than 40 ha grown in hydroponic cultures.