Growth,nutrient digestibility,ileal digesta viscosity,and energy metabolizability of growing turkeys fed diets containing malted sorghum sprouts supplemented with enzyme or yeast

Growth, apparent nutrient digestibility, ileal digesta viscosity, and energy metabolizability of growing turkeys fed diets containing malted sorghum sprouts (MSP) supplemented with enzyme or yeast were investigated using 120, 28‐day‐old male turkeys. Six treatments were laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three dietary inclusion levels of MSP (0, 50, and 100 g/kg) and supplemented with 200 mg/kg yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or 200 mg/kg of a commercial enzyme. The experiment lasted for the starter (day 28–56) and grower phases (day 57–84) of the birds. Each treatment group consisted of 20 turkeys replicated four times with five birds each. Data were analysed using analysis of variance while polynomial contrast was used to determine the trends (linear and quadratic) of MSP inclusion levels. Irrespective of dietary supplementation with enzyme or yeast, final body weight (BW), total BW gain, and feed intake for turkey poults from day 29–56 was reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing inclusion level of MSP. Dietary supplementation with yeast resulted in increased (p < 0.05) feed intake while enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of the poults. Turkeys fed enzyme‐supplemented MSP diets had higher (p < 0.05) BW gain than their counterparts fed yeast‐supplemented MSP diets. Apparent ash digestibility reduced linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing inclusion levels of MSP. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) with MSP inclusion levels . Enzyme supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) ileal viscosity but had no effect (p > 0.05) on AME. Inclusion of MSP resulted in poor growth performance. This confirms earlier studies that utilization of MSP by poultry is rather poor. Supplementation with enzyme or yeast did not lead to any appreciable improvement in performance of turkeys in this study.     

不同介质条件对银杏淀粉糊流变特性的影响

淀粉糊流变特性是影响淀粉类食品加工品质的主要因素。该文采用布拉班德尔黏度计,考察不同介质条件如浓度、pH值、蔗糖和食盐对银杏淀粉糊黏度特性的影响。银杏淀粉糊的布拉班德尔黏度测定结果表明：随着银杏淀粉糊浓度增加,其起糊温度降低,峰值黏度增高,热稳定性、冷稳定性下降,凝沉性增强;60 g/kg银杏淀粉糊黏度性质受酸碱介质的影响较大,在pH值中性7左右,其淀粉糊黏度热稳定性最好,凝沉性最强,但冷稳定性最差;食品介质蔗糖对60 g/kg银杏淀粉糊黏度曲线影响较大,其淀粉起糊温度、峰值黏度随蔗糖浓度增加而增加,淀粉糊黏度的冷稳定性、热稳定性均降低,凝沉性增强;而食盐影响较小。该结果对银杏淀粉类食品深加工开发具有较大的指导意义。     

增密对春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数的影响

【目的】密植是提升玉米高产栽培的主要措施之一，同时密度对玉米淀粉形成具有显著影响。因此分析增加种植密度（增密）条件对不同类型春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数，对玉米淀粉品质改善具有重要意义。【方法】于2019和2020年在吉林省公主岭试验基地进行大田试验，选用先玉335、郑单958、农华101等8个东北区域主推玉米品种为试验材料，设置67 500和97 500株/hm2 2个种植密度，以衍射粒度分析仪以及黏度分析仪测定不同处理籽粒淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数，用近红外分析仪测定玉米相关品质，并进行相关分析，明确增密对春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数的影响。【结果】随着种植密度的增加，玉米籽粒产量与淀粉含量均显著增加，同时密度提高显著增加了大型（>17μm）淀粉粒体积、表面积、数目百分比，而在小型（<3μm）淀粉粒体积、表面积、数目百分比中观察到相反的趋势。可见随着种植密度的增加，玉米籽粒小型淀粉粒体积、数目百分比显著降低，大型淀粉粒体积、数目百分比增加，说明增密有利于大型淀粉粒体积比例的提升，即增密促进淀粉的积累，增加大型淀粉粒数目与个体体积的形成。同时研究发现，增密后玉...