Hilbert空间中渐近非扩张半群不动点的粘性逼近研究

研究了Hilbert空间中渐近非扩张半群不动点的粘性逼近,得到了渐近非扩张半群不动点的强收敛定理。     

基于CFD的90°弯管水头损失计算的参数敏感性分析

计算流体动力学在水利行业中得到了广泛的应用。【目的】从众多不确定因素中找出对CFD建模有重要影响的敏感性因素,并分析其对计算结果的影响程度,优化90°弯管的CFD建模方案。【方法】采用单因素分析方法,分析了网格尺寸、湍流模型、水体密度、运动黏滞系数、当量粗糙高度等参数对计算结果的影响。【结果】RNG k-ε湍流模型计算结果与经验系数计算结果相对误差在±5%以内,能有效模拟弯管湍流流态;该湍流模型无需较小的网格尺寸,能够利用较小的计算资源得到精度较高的计算结果;当水体温度高于15℃时,三维流场计算软件能够对水体密度和运动黏滞系数进行修正,使计算结果精度更高;模拟水力光滑管道时,水体密度和运动黏滞系数对计算结果影响较小。【结论】工程算例模拟计算中,应当充分考虑模拟对象的体型和材料特点以及水体温度等因素,选取适当的参数值,能有效地降低计算成本,提高计算精度。     

Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal

The effects of supplementation with cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, hemicellulase, glucanase, phytase and protease of microbial origin on digestibility of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) of soybean meal in vitro were examined in the present study. Changes in viscosity during in vitro digestion were also examined as an index of carbohydrate digestibility. Hemicellulase and all enzyme combinations without protease showed significant improvement of CP digestibility. Cellulase, xylanase, phytase and glucanase tended to improve CP digestibility. Dry matter digestibility was improved significantly by pectinase and all enzyme combinations. Cellulase and phytase tended to improve DM digestibility. Crude protein and DM digestibilities were the highest when all the enzymes except protease were added. Protease, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, glucanase and hemicellulase significantly reduced viscosity, while phytase had no effect on viscosity. Viscosity was increased unexpectedly when all the enzymes were added. These results strongly suggest that a combination of carbohydrases improves the CP and DM digestibility of soybean meal while protease inhibits the actions of these enzymes. The present study also suggests that viscosity is not always a good index of digestibility. Moreover, excluding the protease from commercial crude enzyme preparations may improve digestibility.     

加热泵站采用控制粘度加热输送工艺的必要性

分析了辽河油田曙光泵站管输原油的粘度化验数据,比较了控制温度加热输送与控制粘度加热输送两种工艺,介绍了控制粘度加热输送的优点。采用控制温度输油工艺加热原油后,虽然使出站油粘度降低,但出站油粘度波动情况并未得到改善;当加热泵站用出站原油作燃料油时,由于出站原油粘度波动,使加热炉操作困难,影响燃料油的燃烧状态。采用控制粘度加热输送工艺后,出站油粘度稳定,可以改善控制温度加热输送工艺的不足之处。为了改善输油管道的运行管理,降低输油成本,在一般人工控制温度的加热泵站和自动控制温度的加热泵站,采用控制粘度加热输送工艺是必要的。     

Effects of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,viscosity and intestinal morphology of broilers

1. The study aimed to investigate the effect of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosa characteristics of broilers.

2. A total of 800 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 10 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were fed with 4 different diets: (i) HE: positive control group broilers received a diet with unaltered energy; (ii) LE: negative control group broilers received a diet with lower energy of about 0.27 MJ/kg; (iii) LElys500: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 500 g/tn lysolecithin product (Lysoforte Booster Dry^TM); and (iv) LElys300: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 300 g/tn lysolecithin product. The experimental period was 42 d.

3. Body weight gain in treatments HE was higher than LE during the overall experimental period, while LElys500 and LElys300 had intermediate values. Feed conversion ratio was lower in HE and LElys500 than LE group, while the LElys300 had intermediate values. Fat digestibility was improved in both LElys 500 and LElys300 compared to the HE group. Apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) was higher in HE, LElys500 and LElys300 than LE. Ileum viscosity at 42 d was also affected, being higher in LE group compared to HE. At 28 d mucosal thickness was lower both in LElys500 and LElys300 compared to HE and LE, while no difference occurred between treatment proliferation patterns of duodenal epithelial cells.

4. These findings indicated that lysolecithin supplementation at 500 g/tn of feed in low-energy diets maintained broiler performance. Supplementation of reformulated low-energy diets induced an increase in digesta viscosity. Lysolecithin supplementation resulted in variable alterations in the duodenum mucosal morphology.     

分子动力学模拟高温高压下水的粘度

由于高温高压的极端条件实验室很难实现,因此应用分子动力学方法模拟计算水在高温高压下的粘度成为一种重要的手段。模拟实验基于分子动力学方法,针对水分子的特殊结构,引入Ewald法求长程作用力和四元素法,采用等温等压条件,最终模拟得到不同温度、压强下水的粘度并与实验值进行比较分析。     

The effects of pelleting and glucanase supplementation in hulled barley based diets on feed manufacture,broiler performance,and digesta viscosity

Feeding broilers barley-based diets requires special consideration primarily due to effects on increased digesta viscosity and decreased nutrient digestion. Pelleting and glucanase supplementation are commonly performed prior to feeding broilers barley-based diets; however, the interaction of these practices is complex. The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation of glucanase efficacy including: degree of processing, activity postpelleting, broiler performance, and digesta viscosity. Treatments were arranged in a 5 (diet formulation) × 2 (processing) factorial in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications/treatment. The 5 diet formulations consisted of positive control (PC), negative control (NC), glucanase A (GA) 125 or 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed, and glucanase B (GB) 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed. The PC and NC diets differed in metabolizable energy by 150 kcal/kg and enzymes were added to NC formulations. Diets were either fed as unprocessed mash or ground pellets. Diet formulation × processing did not interact for feed intake (FI), FCR, or total tract viscosity (P > 0.05); however, a trend was observed for ending bird weight, demonstrating that for ground pellets, GA 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed was improved relative to NC and similar to PC (P = 0.0903). Benefits associated with GB were not of similar magnitude, perhaps in part due to a 50% decrease in activity postpelleting. In addition, GA benefits were not suggested for unprocessed mash. The main effect processing was significant (P < 0.0001) demonstrating that broilers fed ground pellets resulted in greater pen ending bird weight, FI, and bird live weight gain (LWG) compared to birds fed unprocessed mash diets. Evaluations of glucanase should go beyond in vitro activity and include live bird performance using feed that has undergone pelleting.     

液压油的选用项目教学法的研究

液压油的选用是在某条件的情况下来完成的,尤其是在考虑液压油的粘性问题时。适应现在高教对高职教育的要求,达到国家百所国家级骨干院校课程建设要求,现对液压油的选用项目教学进行研究。