Enigmatic hotspot of crayfish diversity at risk: Invasive potential of non‐indigenous crayfish if introduced to New Guinea

1. The large island of New Guinea has a rich indigenous astacofauna represented by numerous parastacids from the genus Cherax. The western half of the island is part of Indonesian territory.
2. Indonesia is known to be the main exporter of ornamental crayfish globally, and certain New Guinean species are exploited as ornamentals within the international pet trade. Moreover, one non‐indigenous species has been previously recorded being cultured in Java, Indonesia. This species, the North American Procambarus clarkii, is a vector of crayfish plague, the disease that is lethal to most parastacids. This population has already tested positive for the disease.
3. As the transport of non‐indigenous crayfish within the Indonesian territory is not restricted, their introduction to New Guinea can be expected. The Indonesian market was therefore surveyed for ornamental crayfish and their environmental suitability evaluated, as represented by temperature during the drought and rainy seasons in New Guinea.
4. Four North American and one Australian species were found advertised for sale. One of them, P. clarkii, was assessed as the most damaging species, followed by other North American species. A total ban on the culture and transport of the highest risk crayfish species in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is recommended.

     

黄淮海地区绿肥与化肥配施对棉花生长和肥料利用率的影响

采用田间土柱模拟试验,研究了绿肥翻压与不同比例化肥配施对棉花生长和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明: 翻压绿肥处理的棉花花铃期叶片SPAD值较不翻压绿肥显著提高,说明翻压绿肥对棉花叶片叶绿素含量有显著影响; 翻压绿肥有助于棉花氮、 磷和钾素的吸收。翻压绿肥处理与不翻压绿肥相比,籽棉产量增加近30%; 翻压绿肥与70%的化肥配施,不会降低棉株养分积累量、 籽棉产量和肥料利用率,且棉花的化肥农学效率明显高于配施100%和85%的化肥处理。     

匹配点云结合HSI色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法

无人机通常搭载可见光波段传感器获取红-绿-蓝（Red-Green-Blue,RGB）影像,由于无人机RGB影像波段较少,影像的地物信息提取存在一定难度。该研究提出了一种匹配点云结合色调-饱和度-亮度（Hue-Saturation-Intensity,HSI）空间色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法。首先以饱和度分量和红光波段构造了饱和度与红光比值指数,再结合可见光波段差异植被指数以及由匹配点云获得的地形特征对研究区正射影像进行分类。试验结果表明,本文方法的总体分类精度达到了91.11%,Kappa系数为0.895,证明匹配点云结合HSI空间色彩分量的方法提取无人机RGB影像信息是可行的,提取结果具有较高精度。相较于基于光谱特征的传统方法,该文方法引入匹配点云可以简单高效地提取影像中高程差异明显的地物,同时,结合HSI色彩分量能够有效弥补无人机RGB影像光谱特征较少的不足。     

Prediction of hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity in soils at steady-state infiltration

The purpose of this study was (1) to find a matching factor (u) between infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity during steady-state infiltration, and (2) to propose equations based on infiltration and soil moisture-retention functions for prediction of the hydraulic conductivity K(θ) within the rapidly (non-capillary) drainable pores (RDP) and capillary-matrix pores of soils. The K(θ) of capillary pores was divided into K(θ)_SDP, K(θ)_WHP and K(θ)_FCP within slowly drainable pores (SDP), water-holding pores (WHP) and fine capillary pores (FCP), respectively. Five soil profiles of calcareous sandy loam, alluvial saline and non-saline clay, located at the Nile Delta, were used to apply the proposed equations. The highest and the lowest values of K(θ)_RDP were observed in calcareous and saline clay soil profiles, respectively. Values of K(θ)_RDP remained higher than those for capillary pores in the studied soils. The predicted values of K(θ) in capillary and non-capillary pores classes were in the expected range for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Water sorptivity (S) was determined at initial unsaturated soil water conditions and calculated at steady-state infiltration (S _w) using a derived equation. There was a decrease in S with an increase in soil water content; i.e. at steady-state infiltration, S decreased by 35–40% in calcareous soils and by 45–60% in alluvial clay soils. The parameter values of u and S _w tended to be uniform in calcareous soils, but nonuniform in saline and non-saline clay soils.     

成都平原蚕豆高效根瘤菌的筛选及其促生功能初步评价

[目的]筛选适用于成都平原的高效广谱蚕豆根瘤菌,并对其相关促生功能进行初步评价,为成都平原高效蚕豆根瘤菌剂的研制与应用提供科学依据。[方法]供试6株根瘤菌由课题组前期分离自成都平原,其与四川主栽蚕豆‘大白蚕豆’匹配良好,采用常规方法测定了这6个菌株分泌生长素及溶磷能力。菌株与蚕豆品种匹配试验采用低氮砂培法,供试蚕豆品种为成都平原主栽品种‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’;两个品种的蚕豆种子播种后,分别接种6个菌株,以不接种为对照(CK),光照(控温22~25℃、光照强度2800 lx左右、日照时间14 h)下培养41天后收获,测定植株生物量和根瘤数。然后,对匹配性试验筛到的两株高效广谱根瘤菌进行田间验证,供试蚕豆品种为成胡15,将2个根瘤菌制备的菌剂(活菌数5.0×10^8 CFU/g以上,载体为泥炭)进行拌种,以不接菌处理的灭菌泥炭为对照。在盛花期(生育期105 d)采样测定株高、根瘤数、地上部分植株干重;收获期(生育期200 d)采样测产;测定两个时期植株样品氮、磷、钾含量。盛花期采用BOX-PCR分子标记法测定接种根瘤菌占瘤率,同时提取接种菌株SCAUf73、SCAUf76的总DNA,比较接种菌株及相应根瘤类菌体根瘤菌DNA的BOX-PCR分子指纹图谱。用多位点基因序列分析法对田间验证的优良菌株SCAU73进行分类地位研究。[结果]1)通过匹配性砂培试验,筛选到2株与2个成都平原主栽蚕豆品种均高效匹配的根瘤菌SCAUf73、SCAUf76。SCAUf76、SCAUf73能使‘成胡14’、‘成胡15’植株干重较CK显著增加40.5%~61.6%。2)通过两株菌田间接种试验发现,接种SCAUf76处理的蚕豆产量与CK差异不显著;接种SCAUf73处理蚕豆植株干重、全氮含量等指标均高于CK,籽粒鲜产比CK显著增加25.0%,并显著高于SCAUf76,其占瘤率达到33%。3)多位点基因序列分析表明,SCAUf73可能是Rhizobium的一个新类群。4)促生性试验表明,6株菌都能分泌生长素(IAA),最大分泌量为21.0 mg/L(SCAUf76);供试菌株的溶磷能力不明显。[结论]从成都平原上筛选的6个菌株中,SCAUf73具有分泌IAA能力,与蚕豆接种后,占瘤率达33%,可显著促进蚕豆氮素吸收积累,提高蚕豆籽粒产量。与成都平原的主栽蚕豆品种匹配的高效广谱根瘤菌SCAUf73,适用于成都平原的蚕豆生产。     

基于双目立体视觉的机械手移栽穴盘定位方法

为了解决自动化机械手移栽过程中穴盘放置偏斜和底部局部"凸起"而引起的移栽效果不理想的问题,为机械手提供穴盘精准坐标,对穴盘准确定位方法进行研究。首先,根据机械手移栽特点提出穴盘定位总体方法及图像获取手段。其次,利用单目相机获取的图像采用像素标记法和Radon变换法计算穴盘中心坐标和角度,完成穴盘平面定位。再次,对双目相机获取的图像采用SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)特征匹配的算法获得匹配点对坐标,并提出区域整合匹配点的方法。最后,利用整合的区域双目匹配点坐标配合相机标定结果重建匹配点的三维世界坐标,并且与穴盘平面定位结果相结合完成穴盘空间位置重构。试验结果表明,提出的穴盘定位方法能够真实地恢复穴盘空间姿态,中心像素横纵坐标相对误差分别在(-7,+7)和(-6,+7)像素内,角度检测值与实测值相对误差值在(-0.51°,+0.53°)内,利用SIFT特征匹配算法匹配双目图像,在2×4区域内对8对整合匹配点进行三维世界坐标重建,其中7个坐标的三个维度与测量值相对误差在2 mm内,1个坐标与测量值相对误差为4.6 mm内。该方法所应用的算法成熟,可以满足机械手移栽实际应用处理要求。     

Study on Computer 3D-Reconstruction Algorithm of the Contour Points Matching Interpolation for Serial Cross Images

A computer 3D-reconstruction algorithm was proposed for serial cross images,which is called contour points matching interpolation algorithm. The intermediate contours betweentwo neighbouring contours are preduced by contour points matching interpolation to form 3D-shapeof the reconstructed object. This algorithm is simple and can be easily implemented. Its advantagesare fast speed and strong adaptability for medical serial cross images 3D-reconstruction. Experi-ments show that the results are satisfactory.     

板栗中毒死蜱农药残留检测结果满意度的研究

本文就如何保证农产品农药残留能力验证实验结果满意需要注意几个关键点进行探讨分析。要想通过板栗中毒死蜱农残的能力验证,样品前处理采用NY/T 761的方法,必须注意：提取液的过滤要用定性滤纸或脱脂棉,提取液过滤后静置时间控制在30 min～40 min之间,吸取10 mL乙腈液体要准确,净化步骤的水浴温度要严格按照方法要求,氮吹切记不要吹的太干,吹到潮乎乎为宜,SPE小柱的活化平衡要充分,上样时液面不能流干,上样后尽可能流干再洗脱,最后定容5.00 mL要准确。检测结束后,对结果进行验证很重要,可采用盲样的空白基质基质配标和空白基质基质加标画标准曲线两种办法。     

用于机械系统人机界面匹配研究的人体模型

从最基本的肢体着手,分析了肢体与整个人体模型的关系,采用面向对象的继承方法,构造了一个完整的三维人体模型,该人体模型可以构造出任意的姿态,并以空间的任意角度方位显示在屏幕上。人体模型内部带有数据库,用它构造出的人体模型在三维尺寸上符合国家标准ＧＢ１００００－８８“中国成年人人体尺寸”的要求。因此,用该人体模型可以方便地进行人体操纵动作模拟、姿态研究、人机系统的操作界面分析。     

工程机械新型传动系统的特性分析

介绍了静液压传动这一新型动力传动系统的特点.通过详细分析该系统液压元件类型的选择、排量与传动变速比关系及该类系统特性参数之间的关系,得出了在实际使用中,为了保证工程机械在大功率工况下,不降低经常工况的效率,提高传动变速比与其它传动形式的匹配方案.通过对匹配方案的分析为工程车辆的开发设计提供理论基础和方法.