农民参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用

介绍参与式方法在热带牧草推广中的应用及实践,分析当前参与式牧草技术的推广应用现状,为参与式理论与方法的发展提供实践参考。     

铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区生物多样性评价

对铜壁关自然保护区盈江片区的生物多样性进行评价,结果认为,该保护区是我国纬度最北的热带雨林的一块宝地,生物多样性极为丰富,保护物种也非常丰富,生态保护价值和经济价值较高.目前保护区保护管理机构的层次和能力与保护对象不相协调,急待加强.藉此,对今后的自然保护工作提出了建议.     

边缘热带蔓花生草坪杂草种类调查及化学防除

为了解处于边缘热带的湛江市区蔓花生草坪的杂草现状,并提供有效的化学防除方法,首先采用样线法及随机抽样法,对各种杂草所占的比例和生物量进行调查;其次,采用样圈法调查各种杂草的频度;用3种除草剂分别喷洒,7d后观察杂草的变化。市区曼花生草坪杂草共有20科35种,其中,种类较多的是禾本科,菊科,茜草科,蓼科,苋科,酢浆草科等...     

Plant‐frugivore interactions in an intact tropical forest in north‐east Thailand

Fleshy‐fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. Although this plant–animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism, it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are structured. We applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small‐fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit‐eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in northeast Thailand. A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant species. Plant‐avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical, with observed networks filling 30% of all potential links. Whereas some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling, forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints, accessibility and phenological uncoupling, and although the majority of missing links were unknown (58.2%), many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit eater. The most common frugivores were bulbuls, barbets and fairy‐bluebirds, which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our system. Migratory birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant‐frugivore networks, accounting for only 3% of feeding visits to fruiting trees; they filled 2% of the overall potential networks. The majority of interactions were generalized unspecific; however, Saurauia roxburghii Wall. appeared to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal, while Thick‐billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs.     

Effect of dose and type of fertilizer on flowering and fruiting of vanilla plants

Nutritional status affects the processes of flowering and fruiting of plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer application on flowering, fruiting, and leaf nutrient content of Vanilla planifolia (Jacks. ex Andr). Treatments consisted of the application of grade 10-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer to the substratum in annual doses of 20, 50, and 100 g/plant plus a monthly application of foliar fertilizer. Two more treatments were foliar fertilization and no fertilization (control). Treatments increased the number of inflorescences and flower buds per plant, as well as the number and weight of fruits per plant, and decreased the abortion of flowers and immature fruits. These effects depended on the type of fertilizer, the amount applied, and the time of evaluation. The best results were obtained with the 100 g/plant/year treatment with an annual production of 1.5 kg of fruits per plant in the second year. Unfertilized plants produced 0.55 kg/plant/year. Differences were also found in foliar content of N, P, K, and copper (Cu) between vegetative and reproductive branches. Application of fertilizer to the substratum appears to improve reproductive parameters of vanilla plants and the production of beans, while foliar fertilization alone was ineffective in increasing crop productivity. Nutrients also seem to translocate from mature leaves to fruit racemes.     

Short- and long-term effects of the endogeic earthworm Millsonia anomala (Omodeo) (Megascolecidæ, Oligochæta) of tropical savannas,on soil organic matter

Summary This study aimed to establish the effects of Millsonia anomala, a tropical geophagous earthworm common in the humid savannas of Lamto (Ivory Coast), on soil organic matter dynamics over different time scales under laboratory conditions. The texture of casts produced by the worms fed on a shrub savanna soil was not significantly different from that of the soil, which showed that M. anomala ingested soil particles without selection. Physical fractionation of soil organic matter showed that the coarse organic fraction (250–2000 m) was depleted by 25–30% in fresh casts compared to the control noningested soil; this was mainly due to a fragmentation of coarse organic debris. Incubation of casts and a 2-mm sieved control soil under laboratory conditions for more than 1 year showed that the C mineralisation rate was almost four times lower in the casts (3% year^-1) than in the control soil (11% year^-1). We therefore concluded that on a long time scale M. anomala populations may significantly reduce the decomposition rate of soil organic matter in Lamto savannas.     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法热带水果中的锡

用氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定热带水果中锡。经过正交试验选取测定条件，用SAS处理试验结果的数据，对影响测定灵敏度的一些实验参数进行了优化。方法检出限为0．004mg/kg，相关系数0．9999，线性范围0－200μg/L，回收率89．6％－106．6％，相对误差为0．5％－0．8％。     

The life history of Tenualosa macrura in Sarawak, further notes on protandry in the genus and management strategies

Abstract  The contraction of Tenualosa macrura (Bleeker) to the Sarawak coast and a small part of Sumatra, and the decline in its fishery mirror what has happened to three other species in the genus. Little was known of this species in its last stronghold in Sarawak where it is important for management and conservation reasons to understand its biology and life history. It forms part of a multispecies fishery where effort is uniform, but catches follow a lunar cycle. Tenualosa macrura is protandrous, but low numbers of small females suggest diandry. In Sumatra Tenualosa macrura spawn throughout the year, but in Sarawak have a seasonal peak in the NE monsoon (December). This has management implications because the Sarawak fishery ceases at this time because of adverse weather, hence reducing fishing pressure on spawning T. macrura . Management measures introduced in Sarawak for Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes) may therefore not be required for T. macrura .     

加强琼台农业合作 促进海南经济发展

本文概要地分析了海南和台湾农业生产的互补性与可行性 ,指出二者合作前景广阔 ,并结合当前琼台农业合作现状 ,进一步提出琼台农业合作的发展对策。     

早熟玉米品种主要农艺性状与产量相关研究

运用相关及回归分析方法，研究了20个早熟玉米品种主要农艺性状与产量之间的关系，并利用回归方程估测备性状值的变化对产量的影响。结果表明，行粒数与产量关系最为密切，其次是株高、穗长。穗粗、穗位高、穗行数、千粒重对单产的提高效果不大。