抗虫转基因植物鉴定方法的研究进展

农作物受害虫侵害严重,给农业生产带来巨大损失,喷施化学杀虫剂使害虫产生抗药性,且污染环境。近年来,转基因技术研究不断深入,抗虫转化研究工作进展迅速。鉴定转基因植物的方法技术有很多种,在此主要阐述了利用标记基因进行鉴定,分子标记,免役技术三大类方法,并对其原理分别进行了简单介绍。     

叶幕微区光环境对果树生长发育的影响

通过对国内外有关叶幕微气候及叶幕微区光环境文献质料的研究,对果树叶幕中光能的截获与分配、光谱与光质的变化以及对果树生长发育的影响进行了分析。在文献综述的基础上,提出了改善苹果园光环境的可能途径。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对低温胁迫下茶树叶片光合及生理特性的影响

通过对陕茶1号（耐低温型）和金牡丹（低温敏感型）2个茶树品种在冬季自然低温胁迫下喷施不同浓度（0、10、30、50 mg·L^-1）的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA）,探究外源ALA对低温胁迫下茶树叶片光合荧光特性及生理特性的调控作用。结果表明,适宜浓度的外源ALA对低温胁迫下茶树叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率及PSⅡ潜在活性具有促进作用,能够提高水浸出物、咖啡碱、游离氨基酸、儿茶素类物质、茶氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等生理活性物质含量的累积;外源ALA能够提高低温胁迫下茶树光合作用的能力并改善茶叶品质,其中50 mg·L^-1的ALA处理能有效提高陕茶1号应对低温胁迫的能力,10 mg·L^-1和30 mg·L^-1的外源ALA对金牡丹应对低温胁迫具有较好的缓解效用。     

Comparative Study on Growth Performance of Transgenic(Over-Expressed OsNHX1) and Wild-Type Nipponbare under Different Salinity Regimes

Transgenic Nipponbare which over-expressed a Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHX1 was used to compare its growth performance, water status and photosynthetic efficiency with its wild type under varying salinity regimes. Chlorophyll content, quantum yield and photosynthetic rate were measured to assess the impact of salinity stress on photosynthetic efficiency for transgenic and wild-type Nipponbare. Effects of salinity on water status and gas exchange to both lines were studied by measuring water use efficiency, instantaneous transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Dry shoot weight and leaf area were determined after three months of growth to assess the impacts of salinity on the growth of those two lines. Our study showed that both lines were affected by salinity stress, however, the transgenic line showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, better utilization of water, and better growth due to low transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Reduction of photosynthetic efficiency exhibited by the wild-type Nipponbare was correlated to its poor growth under salinity stress.     

Improvement of Cold Tolerance in Horticultural Crops by Genetic Engineering

Abstract

Chilling and freezing temperatures often adversely affect the productivity and quality of horticultural plants. Attempts to enhance cold tolerance through traditional breeding have achieved limited success, mainly due to the complexity of the genetics associated with a plant's response to low temperatures. Recently, the improvement of cold tolerance by genetic engineering has been achieved in many species. Nevertheless, transgenic plants with greater tolerance have been reported in only a few horticultural examples. Their production has led to a new era in improving performance. In this review, we first present recent advances in understanding cold acclimation. We then describe a few cases in which improved cold tolerance has been achieved with transgenic plants.     

植物δ~(13)C与土壤盐分的关系研究综述

稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)综合反映了植物的生理生态特征,可用于研究植物生理与生态环境之间的关系。大多数研究认为植物δ13C值随盐度增加而变重。盐分主要通过影响C3植物叶片气孔传导、光合作用等生理活动,使植物δ13C值发生变化。而有些植物为适应盐分胁迫可能发生光合途径的转换,使C3代谢转换成C4或CAM代谢,导致植物某些器官的δ13C值发生变化,而植株整体δ13C值变化较小。由于植物δ13C与土壤盐分的关系还受其他环境因素的影响以及室内试验的有限性,因此进一步扩大盐度梯度范围,延长盐处理时间以及开展大田试验显得很有必要。     

茂兰自然保护区野生蜜源植物资源调查

通过对茂兰自然保护区野生蜜源植物资源进行了4年的调查研究,对野生蜜源植物的分布情况、生境特点和生物学性状做详细介绍,并对其开发利用现状及前景分析提出建议。结果表明,茂兰自然保护区内有野生蜜源植物资源多达148种,其中主要野生蜜源植物46种,隶属19科、34属;辅助蜜源植物90种,隶属33科、64属;有毒蜜源植物12种,隶属9科、10属。从种类构成上看,该区野生蜜源植物的优势科为豆科和蔷薇科,其次是山茶科、唇形科、菊科。     

武安国家森林公园外来入侵植物调查

经调查及整理分析文献资料,初步认定武安国家森林公园外来入侵植物的种类有14种,分属于9科13属,禾本科种类最多,有4种,其中欧洲入侵植物占主要份额。并对入侵植物的原产地、入侵途径、危害及防治对策进行了讨论。     

植物嫁接亲和性鉴定研究进展

从细胞学与组织学、生理生化及植物物理等方面对国内外嫁接亲和性鉴定研究进行了综述,旨在为植物嫁接繁殖砧穗选择及其亲和性早期鉴定研究提供参考.