宿主植物对AM真菌生长发育的影响

研究了宿主植物对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌(Glomus mosseae)生长发育的影响。结果表明:温室条件下,4种宿主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌共生,综合比较菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,高粱敖杂1号对真菌的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖质量分数与根外孢子数呈显著正相关,而宿主植物中磷质量分数与菌根真菌的生长发育没有显著的相关性。说明不同宿主植物甚至同种宿主植物不同基因型的品种与丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况不同,宿主植物的菌根长度及根中可溶性糖质量分数对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。     

退耕还林后陕北吴起县植物区系研究

陕西省吴起县1998年确立了封山退耕的战略,并成为名副其实的全国退耕还林第一县。实施退耕还林后,吴起现有种子植物56科160属235种。其中裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植53科157属232种。中国特有属2个,包含中国特有种2个。区系地理成分复杂,包括了种子植物科的8个分布类型和2个变型,以及种子植物属的14个分布类型和11个变型。温带成分构成了本区系的主体,本区系属于温带性质。同时本区系又有丰富的热带亚热带成分,具有明显的热带亚热带向温带过渡性     

The Application of TDZ in Enhancing Regeneration of Transgenic Plants

At present, transgenic plants are globally grown. Availability of a reliable regeneration system predominantly from a single transformed cell is the prerequisites for gene transfer, but regeneration is still a key problem （Wenzel, 2006）. The application of genetic modification technology in plants is closely related to the efficiency of the regeneration protocol. Shoot formation is oilen enhanced by the combination of auxins and cytokinins. TDZ （Thidiazuron, N-phenyl-N＇-1,2,3-thiodiazol-5-ylurea）, a non-purine, has been shown to promote differentiation of organized centers of growth in cultured tissues at much lower concentrations, and shoot regeneration occurs with an efficiency comparable to or greater than that of other cytokinins （Fiola et al., 1990）. By addition of TDZ, a series of plants which were difficult to culture in vitro or less sensitive to plants growth regulators obtained somatic embryos and regenerated plants, some of them have become the eminent transformation system for genetic engineering. TDZ has been reported to be very efficient in stimulating adventitious shoot production in several recalcitrant plants. TDZ is considered as a potential growth regulator for in vitro shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis of several crops. This review summarized how the new growth regulator TDZ to affect the regeneration of transgenic plants.     

转Bt+Sck基因双价抗虫棉的抗虫性及遗传分析

对通过花粉管通道注射获得的转Bt Sck双价基因抗虫棉纯系312-5T2和332-2T2进行了生物抗虫性测定,转基因纯系对棉铃虫的抗性显著高于非抗虫对照苏棉16和抗虫对照品种sGK321,与抗虫对照R19抗虫性相当.遗传分析表明,转Bt Sck双价基因抗虫棉的抗性基因符合一对显性基因的分离规律.对转Bt Sck双价基因抗虫棉与R19及sGK321的杂交F1进行了抗虫性测定,所有的F1植株都表现出与转Bt Sck基因纯系亲本一致的抗虫性.转Bt Sck双价基因抗虫棉纯系312-5T2和332-2T2等位性测验证明:312-5T2与R19、sGK321的抗虫基因整合位点不连锁,表现为15∶1的自由组合比例;而332-2T2与R19中抗虫基因的整合位点表现连锁,与sGK321的抗虫基因表现自由组合.这为培育新的双价抗虫棉品种(系)提供了优良的育种材料.     

棉花Bt转基因品系的配合力和杂种优势表现

五个转基因品系和受体冀棉321配制成双列杂交,通过对产量性状和纤维品质的两年试验分析,结果发现:与受体品种相比,转基因品系的农艺性状有显著变化,说明转基因过程也会使部分农艺性状得到改善。转基因品系间的一般配合力有显著差异,其中有两个品系表现显著的正向一般配合力。杂交种F1的表现也呈现显著差异;两个不同转基因品系间的杂种优势,低于转基因品系与受体品种间的杂种优势。这些变异可能是Bt插入引起的,不同插入位点的相互作用可能会降低杂种优势。     

种子盐引发对转基因抗虫棉耐盐性的影响

以2个转基因抗虫陆地棉品种为材料,以其遗传背景品种为对照,研究种子引发对转基因抗虫棉在NaCl胁迫条件下的种子萌发和田间出苗的影响。结果表明,0.5%的NaCl处理显著地降低陆地棉种子发芽势和发芽率,其中转基因抗虫棉品种(中棉所41和浙905)的种子萌发和田间出苗率差于遗传背景亲本(中棉所23)。种子盐引发处理可以有效地缓解NaCl的胁迫作用,显著地提高种子的发芽势、发芽率和田间出苗率,显著地提高棉花种子的耐盐性。种子盐引发处理对转基因抗虫棉品种的效果优于非转基因抗虫棉的背景品种。引发剂种类对于其耐盐性的影响有一定的差异,以K2SO4的效果更好,且引发剂的浓度与引发时间之间存在着一定的互作效应,高浓度引发剂的处理时间宜短,而低浓度引发剂的处理时间应适当延长。     

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and production of semilooper resistant transgenic castor (Ricinus communis L.)

Summary Semilooper resistant transgenic castor plants were produced through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method. Two castor cultivars, Jyothi and VP1 were transformed using the super-binary vector pTOK233 carrying gus A and hpt genes. Putative transformants were regenerated following selection on the hygromycin containing medium. GUS positive primary transformants, when subjected to Southern analysis, revealed stable integration of gus A into their genomes. In the T₁ generation, a monogenic segregation ratio of 3 GUS positive: 1 GUS negative plants was observed. Furthermore, transformation experiments were carried out with the Agrobacterium pSB111 super-binary vector carrying a synthetic delta endotoxin gene cryIAb and the herbicide resistance gene bar both driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Putative transformants were regenerated through selection on the phosphinothricin containing medium and Basta tolerant transformants were subjected to molecular analysis. PCR analysis revealed the presence of both bar and cryIAb genes in the Basta tolerant primary transformants. Southern analysis of PCR positive plants with cryIAb probe showed a 3 Kb band upon HindIII digestion and a > 6 Kb band with BamHI digestion, thus suggesting stable integration of cryIAb intact expression cassette and independent nature of the transformants. The primary transformants subjected to ELISA disclosed varied levels of Cry protein. These transgenics expressing cryIAb – when bioassayed against freshly hatched semilooper larvae – induced substantial (> 88%) insect mortality. Southern analysis of 2T₁ plants revealed the presence of cryIAb gene, indicating stable inheritance of the transgene into the next generation. In T₁, all the Southern-positive plants for cryIAb invariably exhibited tolerance to Basta, denoting co-segregation of both bar and cryIAb genes. Transgenics, expressing cryIAb exhibited ample resistance against the castor semilooper.     

山西太宽河自然保护区植物多样性及保护研究

太宽河自然保护区位于山西省中条山的中西段。调查表明,该保护区共有维管植物119科464属887种。植物属的分布区类型包含有15种类型,而其中北温带分布类型属最多,共147属,占保护区总属数的32.31%。植被类型被分为6个植被型组,8个植被型和32个群系,以落叶栎林占绝对优势。该区分布有较多的珍稀濒危植物,包括11种国家级保护植物和22种山西省重点保护野生植物。最后,提出了该区植物多样性的保育的对策。     

安徽忍冬科野生植物资源及利用

（黄山学院生物系，安徽黄山 245041）     

福州市菜地土壤和蔬菜砷含量及其健康风险分析

为了研究福州市主要菜地土壤和蔬菜的As含量及其健康风险,采集福州市郊区及周边县市菜地耕作层土壤样品98份、蔬菜样品111份,用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定其砷含量。结果表明：福州市菜地土壤As含量范围为1.16~26.94 mg/kg,平均6.02 mg/kg,区域土壤As分布：马尾开发区>连江县>晋安区>长乐市>闽侯县;菜地蔬菜As含量范围为nd~0.0575 mg/kg,均值为0.0080 mg/kg,蔬菜砷对福州市部分人群存在一定的潜在健康风险;韭菜、豌豆苗、生姜和茼蒿吸收As的能力较强;紫菜薹、叶菾菜、菠菜、冬寒菜、大蒜、大白菜及大部分根茎类蔬菜、瓜果类蔬菜吸收As的能力较弱。