天台鹅耳枥的组织培养与快速繁殖

为了首次建立天台鹅耳枥的组织培养与植株再生体系,以其茎段、未萌发的新芽及萌发后的嫩芽、叶片等为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明,以新生的嫩芽为外植体,成功诱导不定芽的分化与增殖,最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L^-1+PVP 0.2%。壮苗培养基配方为1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1;最佳生根培养基配方为1/4 MS+IBA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1。     

露地菊离体再生体系建立及BrDFR基因遗传转化

以露地菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)品种‘神韵’无菌苗叶片为外植体材料,研究植物生长调节剂配比对其愈伤组织诱导再生芽的影响,以建立离体再生体系.研究结果表明,露地菊‘神韵’在含NAA 1.0 mg·L-1+BA 1.0 mg· L-1的MS培养基上获得了最高的再生芽分化率.利用已经克隆的‘津田’芜菁BrDFR基因构建非抗生素筛选的表达载体.以露地菊‘神韵’的无菌苗叶片为受体,通过农杆菌介导进行BrDFR基因的遗传转化.以载体的PMI基因为筛选标记,通过甘露糖筛选获得了‘神韵’的遗传转化再生植株.经过PCR验证和Southern杂交检测证实BrDFR基因已经整合到‘神韵’基因组中.     

狭叶三七茎段芽试管苗培养研究

为保护野生资源,以狭叶三七具有生长点的茎段为材料,进行生长芽培养、生长芽试管苗培养、试管苗茎段繁殖培养,以及试管苗移栽、定植的研究。结果证明：1／2MS＋蔗糖20g／L＋6-BA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L＋IAA0．1mg／L是生长茅培养的适宜培养基。1／2MS＋蔗糖16g／L＋IAA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L是试管苗培养和试管苗继代繁殖培养的适宜培养基。试管苗移栽成活率为98．1％,定植成活率为98．9％,定植成活的试管苗保持了野生狭叶三七植物学性状。     

废菌糠配合基质栽培铁皮石斛试验

为了利用香菇废菌糠的良好保水保肥力,应用于铁皮石斛的人工栽培中,通过4个不同废菌糠含量的基质配方的栽培试验,与常规配方的对比。结果表明,以配方基质中废菌糠与树皮比例为7∶3和5∶5的配方适宜铁皮石斛栽培,其中以7∶3配方的综合表现最佳。     

The relationship between phosphorus and copper concentrations in wheat

Abstract

Poorly managed kaolinitic soils are often too low in P and K for optimum agronomic crop production. Even though many of these soils have relatively high phosphate fixing capacities, P applied at sufficient rates to increase soil P to acceptable levels may induce micronutrient deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applied and residual P on Mn, Zn, and Cu uptake by field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum). Treatments were a one‐time application of P (0, 64, 128, 256, and 384 kg/ha P) and K (0, 110, 220, 440, and 660 kg/ha K) rates arranged in a 5×5 complete factorial. The treatments were applied in October, 1977 and the study was continued through June, 1979. Potassium and P × K interactions did not have a significant effect on Mn, Zn, or Cu uptake. Phosphorus did not affect Mn concentration in the wheat tissue but Zn and Cu concentrations generally decreased as applied and residual soil P levels increased. The tissue Zn concentration at the various plant growth stages did not decrease below defined critical levels. The Cu concentration decreased linearly with applied P and curvilinearly with residual P. The tissue Cu levels often decreased below suggested critical levels. Total Cu in the wheat tissue indicated that the decrease in Cu concentration as P levels increased was not a simple dilution effect resulting from increased plant growth as applied and residual soil P increased.     

Predicted effect of temperature and n fertilization on crop response of four cultivars of head lettuce

Abstract

An investigation was conducted on an Olivier silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, thermic aquic, Fragiudalfs) at two locations to determine the influence of 6 seasonal temperatures and 4 N rates on head diameter, head weight, tissue NO₃ concentration and crop yield of 4 head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars. An analysis of covariance was used to establish prediction equations for each dependent variable. Temperature was shown to have a significant curvilinear influence on all crop parameters. There was a significant cultivar X temperature interaction with respect to all dependent variables except tissue NO₃ concentration. Calculated optimum mean temperatures for maximum head diameters, head weights, and yields for all cultivars were found to range between 17.4° and 18.2°C.

Fertilizer N effects were significant on head weight and crop yield. Nitrogen rate did not significantly affect young leaf tissue N0₃ concentration. Greater tissue NO₃ levels were found at lower temperatures in the covariate range.

At optimum temperatures, the cultivar ‘Fairton’ produced larger diameter heads and greater yields.     

Determination of molybdenum in plant tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS)

Abstract

The analysis of molybdenum in plant tissue using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) is described. The method involved wet digestion using a mixture of sulphuric, nitric and perchloric acids followed by a solvent extraction procedure. Molybdenum was extracted into di‐iso butyl ketone (DIBK) as the iron‐thiocyanate complex. The extract was then analysed for molybdenum by GFAAS.

The results of analyses of the reference plant materials (orchard leaves and citrus leaves) of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) compared very well with the certified values. Other types of plant tissue were also analysed and the results correlated well with those obtained by an alternative method.     

马铃薯再生体系的建立及其遗传分析

以马铃薯品种中薯2号为试材,筛选不同的培养条件建立了较高效的马铃薯再生体系,并对其再生过程进行了蛋白质检测和RAPD分析。愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA2.25mg.mL-1+NAA0.1￣0.2mg.mL-1,愈伤组织的诱导率达到73.17%～76.01%。自然生长、初代培养和继代培养的马铃薯再生体的水溶性蛋白之间存在着一些差异。利用RAPD标记技术,通过对54个引物的严格筛选,获得了3个扩增产物略有差异的引物。     

Preparation of Chitosan Nanocompositeswith a Macroporous Structure by Unidirectional Freezing and Subsequent Freeze-Drying

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide that consists of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose through a β (1→4) linkage and is found in nature as the supporting material of crustaceans, insects, etc. Chitosan has been strongly recommended as a suitable functional material because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and adsorption properties. Boosting all these excellent properties to obtain unprecedented performances requires the core competences of materials chemists to design and develop novel processing strategies that ultimately allow tailoring the structure and/or the composition of the resulting chitosan-based materials. For instance, the preparation of macroporous materials is challenging in catalysis, biocatalysis and biomedicine, because the resulting materials will offer a desirable combination of high internal reactive surface area and straightforward molecular transport through broad “highways” leading to such a surface. Moreover, chitosan-based composites made of two or more distinct components will produce structural or functional properties not present in materials composed of one single component. Our group has been working lately on cryogenic processes based on the unidirectional freezing of water slurries and/or hydrogels, the subsequent freeze-drying of which produce macroporous materials with a well-patterned structure. We have applied this process to different gels and colloidal suspensions of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. In this review, we will describe the application of the process to chitosan solutions and gels typically containing a second component (e.g., metal and ceramic nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes) for the formation of chitosan nanocomposites with a macroporous structure. We will also discuss the role played by this tailored composition and structure in the ultimate performance of these materials.     

苎麻组织培养及遗传转化研究进展

概述了国内外苎麻组织培养的快速繁殖、器官发生、体细胞胚胎发生、原生质体培养、花药培养等几个方面以及遗传转化的研究进展,并对存在的问题和前景进行了讨论。