植物组织培养中污染控制技术的研究现状

分析了植物组织培养过程中的污染原因,结合外植体消毒技术的研究现状,提出如何控制由外植体引发污染的方法。选择合适的外植体和消毒剂,采用联合消毒方法,对外植体初代培养中内源污染的控制效果比较明显。另外,对于难消毒的外植体,配合使用抗生素能有效地控制污染。     

Effects of Brief Summer or Winter Fasting on the Muscle Quality of Cultured Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis)

The effects of fasting on the quality of the dorsal and ventral ordinary muscles from cultured Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) during chilled storage were investigated. Tuna were subjected to fasting for 2 days in the summer or 6 days in the winter prior to harvesting. The breaking strength of the dorsal ordinary muscle sampled in the summer increased until 24 h and then decreased. There were no significant differences in the lipid and glycogen content of the ordinary muscle after 9 h of storage between the controls and either fasting group. The pH of the ordinary muscle subjected to summer and winter fasting was higher than in the controls after 24–48 h of storage. However, the relationship between the pH and glycogen content was unclear. The metmyoglobin content during chilled storage was lower in the ordinary muscles from either fasting group than in the controls. In conclusion, fasting for 6 days in the winter improved the color stability of the ordinary muscle without a decline in its lipid content.     

Bacterial Flora in Turbot Scophthalmus maximus Cultured in Deepwell Seawater of Liaodong Peninsula

The microbial flora in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) cultured in deepwell seawater from Liaodong Peninsula, China was studied for the first time. The total amount of aerobic meso- and psychrophilic microflora from the culturing water, gills, and skin were 3.46–3.82, 3.19–4.28, and 1.70–1.95 log cfu/g, respectively. Out of 204 strains isolated from fresh turbot meat with skin, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 19.2% of the total aerobic meso- and psychrophilic microflora, and 72.1% were Gram-negative bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 16S rDNA sequences of microbial flora isolated from turbot. The predominant bacteria in fresh turbot were Micrococcus, Serratia liquefaciens, and Enterobacteriaceae. Meanwhile, the bacterial flora of refrigerated turbot fish were investigated, and the results indicated that Shewanella putrefaciens was the predominant spoilage bacteria.     

杨树肉桂醇脱氢酶基因序列和表达模式分析及CAD4酶活性检测

应用生物信息学方法从杨树基因组数据库中筛选出19个杨树肉桂醇脱氢酶基因,它们聚为3类.序列分析表明,杨树CAD基因家族主要通过全基因组加倍和串联复制的方式进行扩张.杨树和拟南芥CAD家族共6对旁系同源基因,在较强的净化选择压力下进化.19个基因在杨树不同组织中均有表达,表达量较高的是PoptrCAD17、PoptrCA...     

凤尾蕨科植物蜈蚣草的组织培养

[目的]对凤尾蕨科植物蜈蚣草的组织培养方法进行研究。[方法]以野外采集的叶芽为外植体,以1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂为基本培养基,通过激素配比试验,筛选蜈蚣草愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的培养基配方。[结果]从外植体诱导出愈伤组织最佳培养基配方为1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋0.1 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D;从愈伤组织诱导出GGB和从GGB诱导出幼苗最佳培养基配方为1/2MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋1.0 mg/L KT＋0.01 mg/L 2,4-D;另外,使用1/2 MS＋3%蔗糖＋0.7%琼脂＋0.5 g/L PVP＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D做继代培养可以使愈伤组织持续增殖。[结论]研究直接使用野外材料组织培养,简化了试验步骤,是一种方便快速的蜈蚣草组培方法。     

日本薯蓣脱毒培养及离体高效快繁体系的建立

通过组织培养手段对日本薯蓣进行脱毒及快繁技术研究。结果表明:0.1%HgCl2消毒8 min效果最好,茎段成活率达88%;在MS培养基中,0.5 mg/L 6-BA和1.5 mg/L NAA配合使用时日本薯蓣茎尖的成活率高达100%且生长状况良好;MS+1.5 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA对茎段芽增殖的促进作用明显;MS+2.0mg/L KT+0.02 mg/L NAA可很好地诱导生根和促进生长,再生植株移栽成活率可达85.5%以上。     

杏鲍菇组织分离母种及培养基筛选

【目的】筛选杏鲍菇母种的最优组织分离部位及其菌丝体最适培养基,为杏鲍菇高产栽培奠定基础。【方法】分别从杏鲍菇的菌盖和菌柄相接处、菌柄中部、菌柄基部3个不同部位各切取约0．5cm^2的内部组织块,接种于PDA斜面培养;将生长的菌丝体在10种不同培养基中纯化复壮后,分别接种到麸皮综合固体培养基和黄豆粉液体培养基中,比较菌丝体的生长状况;将生长最好的菌丝体接种于10个不同培养基中,观察菌丝体的生长状况,筛选杏鲍菇母种最适培养基。【结果】在麸皮综合固体和黄豆粉液体培养基中,从菌柄中部生长的菌丝体明显优于从菌盖和菌柄相接处及菌柄基部,且三者菌丝体之间的日长速差异达显著水平。杏鲍菇母种在培养基A（马铃薯）、B（棉籽皮）、C（麸皮）、D（木屑）、E（黄豆）、G（绿豆）上的生长较好,菌丝体较密、整齐一致、颜色均一,但在C（麸皮）培养基上的生长速度最快,其次是培养基A、B。【结论】菌柄中部为杏鲍菇母种的最佳分离部位,以麸皮煮汁配制的综合培养基是生产杏鲍菇母种的较理想培养基。     

荸荠试管苗壮苗培育及小球茎再生研究

【目的】探讨荸荠试管苗壮苗方法和结球茎条件。【方法】以广西荸荠品种桂蹄1号试管苗为材料,分别进行不同蔗糖、PP333、温度等因素对荸荠试管苗壮苗及小球茎再生的影响。【结果】当6-BA偏低时（1.0mg/L）,在不同培养基中添加30.0～120.0g/L蔗糖,均可不同程度诱导荸荠试管苗形成小球茎,其中以30.0g/L蔗糖的效果最好;当蔗糖浓度过高时则抑制小球茎形成。当6-BA偏高时（2.5mg/L）,荸荠试管苗仅能诱导形成匍匐茎,而以添加80.0～100.0g/L蔗糖的效果较好。在添加NAA和IBA条件下,不同蔗糖量均能诱导荸荠试管苗长出匍匐茎,但添加30.0～60.0g/L蔗糖时可在匍匐茎顶端膨大形成小球茎,其中以30.0g/L蔗糖的诱导效果最好。在含有NAA和IBA的培养基中添加适宜的PP333（0.3～1.0mg/L）均能促进荸荠试管苗生根,并具有显著的壮苗效果,而对诱导荸荠试管结球茎数量影响不明显。在15～20℃条件下培养荸荠试管苗,添加蔗糖的培养基均未能诱导形成试管小球茎,而采用培养前20d温度28～30℃、培养后40d温度15～26℃条件,在培养基中添加生长素类或较低浓度6-BA时,含较低蔗糖量的培养基均能诱导较多的小球茎;当6-BA浓度较高时,仅能诱导荸荠试管苗长出匍匐茎。【结论】在MS＋NAA0.5mg/L＋IBA0.5mg/L＋蔗糖30.0g/L＋琼脂粉3.5g/L培养基中添加PP3330.3～1.0mg/L,均具有很好的壮苗效果。在适宜的温度条件下,添加适宜的6-BA或NAA和IBA或蔗糖（30.0g/L）均能诱导荸荠试管苗形成小球茎。     

南方红豆杉生物技术研究进展

南方红豆杉是中国特有珍贵树种,集药用、材用与观赏等多种价值于一体。主要对南方红豆杉组织培养、细胞培养、分子标记与基因工程等生物技术研究方面的现状进行了综述,进一步阐述了南方红豆杉生物技术研究中存在的问题,并提出了应重点开展的研究领域。     

杂种小叶杨叶片外植体离体再生体系的建立

为了开发新的小叶杨基因保存技术并提高其抗病虫害能力,本研究以杂种小叶杨(Populus simonii Carr.× P. deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’)无性系的叶片作为外植体,研究了杂种无性系的的离体培养及叶片再生体系,探讨了不同激素组合对杂种无性系不定芽的诱导、分化以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适于杂种小叶杨叶片分化的培养基是MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.04 mg/L NAA+0.005 mg/L TDZ,不定芽分化率和平均分化芽芽数分别达到最高的90%和6.8,芽长为2.14 cm;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.1mg/L IBA,生根率达90%。最后将这些再生植株成功驯化并移栽到温室。10 mg/L的卡那霉素可以抑制杂种小叶杨的诱导分化,20 mg/L的卡那霉素可以抑制杂种小叶杨不定芽的生根。本研究结果将有助于小叶杨抗病虫害等方面的遗传转化及相关研究,同时也将为小叶杨基因库的保存提供重要技术支撑。