卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻研究进展

卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻可替代直接冷冻卵母细胞或胚胎。玻璃化冷冻卵巢组织在辅助生殖上具有优越性。它无需控制供体的生殖周期 ,也无需取出卵泡。同样这一技术可用于保存濒危动物或受意外伤害的人或动物的卵母细胞 ;可为性成熟前失去生殖能力的动物或人提供生殖保险以及增加卵母细胞的来源 ;可用于建立生殖细胞 (卵母细胞 )的冷冻库。而传统的冷冻技术存在很多弊端。文章综述了玻璃化冷冻卵巢组织的研究背景和现状 ,并指出了其广阔的应用前景     

紫花苜蓿的愈伤组织诱导及组织培养

紫花苜蓿以其品质优良、易于栽培的特点,在饲料牧草中占有重要地位。本实验对苜蓿子叶、下胚轴的愈伤组织诱导进行了研究。结果表明,MS+2,4 D(2mg/L)、MS+6 BA(2mg/L)、1/2MS+NAA(0 5mg/L)分别是紫花苜蓿的愈伤组织、芽、根的适宜诱导培养基。     

黄颡鱼几种组织的组织蛋白与酯酶同工酶电泳分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)的方法,对黄颡鱼雌、雄性别的肝、肾、脾、心、肌、腮、生殖腺等组织进行了组织蛋白和酯酶同工酶(EST)的电泳研究。结果表明,黄颡鱼雌、雄性别几种组织的组织蛋白、EST同工酶存在明显差异。以它作为遗传标志,能够将不同性别的黄颡鱼区别开来。     

龙牙楤木组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

对龙牙木匆心 木 [Araliaelata (Miq)Seen]的叶片、叶柄和幼茎进行组织培养 ,结果表明 :用叶片进行组织培养的效果最好 ,愈伤组织最高诱导率达 3 7.1%;最适诱导培养基为MS +6-BA 1.0mg/L +2 ,4-D 1.0mg/L ;最适分化培养基为MS +6-BA 2 .0mg/L +2 ,4-D 1.0mg/L ;最好的继代增殖材料为幼根。试验还发现 :用 40 μg/L的硫酸链霉素可以有效防止细菌的污染 ;5g/L的活性炭防止褐变效果最好 ;把握好琼脂的用量及适当降低 6-BA的含量可以降低玻璃化现象的发生频率。     

植物细胞全能性理论在中国的研究与实践

自1902年德国科学家Haberlandt提出“植物细胞全能性”的概念以来,无数中国学者对这一理论进行了大量的实验,从不同方面和层次对其进行验证和探索,取得了诸多有实践和理论意义的成果,丰富和充实了植物细胞全能性的理论。同时,基于该理论而发展起来的植物细胞离体培养技术在各方面也取得了可喜的成就。本文就植物细胞全能性基础理论方面的研究以及在生产实践中的应用作了比较系统的总结。     

植物非组培遗传转化方法研究的进展

在许多植物中,转化效率低一直是制约分子育种和基因功能研究的障碍。目前,在拟南芥等模式植物的研究中,非组培方法已成为遗传转化的主要手段,这些方法在其它植物中也有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了几种较为成功的非组培遗传转化方法的应用情况和技术原理,并对下一步研究工作提出了建议。     

Experimental infection with Toxocara cati in BALB/c mice, migratory behaviour and pathological changes

Experimental inoculations of 1000 Toxocara cati larval eggs were carried out in 18 BALB/c mice. The T. cati eggs used for inoculation were collected from the faeces of naturally infected cats. Euthanasia was performed on two mice on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 21 and 28 post-inoculation (p.i.). Tissue samples were taken for digestion and histopathology. Larvae were recovered from all infected mice and the average of all larvae recovered was 28.3% (95%; CI: 14.1-42.4). Maximum number was obtained from liver on days 1 and 2 p.i.; from the lung on day 2 p.i. and from the brain on day 28 p.i. In muscle, the recovery was high as from day 3 p.i., with the maximum obtained on day 28 p.i. Superficial foci of congestion and haemorrhage were macroscopically observed in the lungs between days 2 and 5 p.i. and in the brain between days 3 and 6 p.i. Microscopic lesions were observed in the liver between days 2 and 14 p.i., with periportal and subcapsule inflammatory infiltrates. In the lungs, haemorrhages and inflammatory infiltrates can be observed in the alveolar parenchyma, close to bronchioles and large blood vessels. In the brain, congestive areas without inflammatory reactions were seen. In muscle, the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and degenerated muscle can be observed surrounding a parasite larva. These same lesions were observed in myocardium and pericardium. The kidneys were congested with inflammatory infiltrates. The inflammatory cells present in all the tissues studied were lymphocytes, neutrophils and a few eosinophils. Formation of granulomas or signs of larva encapsulation were not observed. The migratory pattern of T. cati larvae in BALB/c mice and its tendency to become concentrated in the muscle reinforce the importance of the mouse as a paratenic host for the parasite's cycle in the environment.     

Transition period-related changes in the abundance of the mRNAs of adiponectin and its receptors,of visfatin,and of fatty acid binding receptors in adipose tissue of high-yielding dairy cows

Adipose tissue expresses adipokines, which are involved in regulation of energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. To adapt for the transition from pregnancy to lactation, particularly in high-yielding dairy cows, adipokines, their receptors, and particular G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) are of potential importance. Signaling by GPR 41 stimulates leptin release via activation by short-chain fatty acids; GPR 43/109A inhibits lipolysis, and GPR 109A thereby mediates the lipid-lowering effects of nicotinic acid and β–hydroxybutyrate. The aim of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of adiponectin and visfatin, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/2), leptin receptor (obRb), insulin receptor as of the aforementioned GPRs during the transition period in high-yielding dairy cows. Biopsies from subcutaneous fat and blood samples were obtained from 10 dairy cows 1 week before and 3 weeks after calving. For AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA abundance as well as for leptin concentrations in plasma, a reduction (P ≤ .05) was observed postpartum; for visfatin and putative GPR 109A mRNA abundance in adipose tissue, there was a trend (P < .1) for analogous changes. In contrast, the mRNA content of obRb and GPR 41 in adipose tissue was higher (P ≤ .05) in samples from early lactation than in those from late gestation. Our results indicate decreasing adiponectin sensitivity in adipose tissue after calving, which might be involved in the reduced insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue during early lactation. In addition, visfatin, GPR 41, and GPR 109A may further modulate insulin sensitivity.     

高加索三叶草×白三叶胚萌发条件的探索

以六倍体高加索三叶草Trifolium ambiguum与四倍体白三叶T.repens为亲本,通过远缘杂交,采用组织培养手段对杂交胚的萌发条件进行探索.结果表明:以高加索三叶草为母本、白三叶为父本,在花期8:00-9:00授粉,授粉后12～13 d取胚,用质量分数10%NaClO灭菌6.5～7 min,在不加任何外源激素的改良MS培养基上,胚萌发率最高,达8%.高频扩繁时,再附加0.25 mg/L 2,4-D+0.50 mg/L 6-BA可获得较高萌发率.     

几种匍匐翦股颖品种植株再生的研究

以匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stolonifera潘娜1号、海滨和普特的成熟种子为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、分化及生根研究。结果表明：在MS培养基上,以不同浓度2,4 D诱导潘娜1号、海滨和普特的愈伤组织时,普特的愈伤组织诱导率均高于潘娜1号和海滨。2 mg/L 2,4 D+0.1 mg/L 6 BA为潘娜1号和海滨诱导愈伤组织的最适激素组合,3 mg/L 2,4 D+0.1 mg/L 6 BA为普特愈伤组织诱导的最适激素组合。诱导率分别为45.2%、76.5%和87.0%;MSO(MS培养基的大量、微量元素和铁盐+B5培养基的有机元素)为最适合的分化培养基,分化率分别为50.0%、59.0%和57.6%。1/2 MS +1.0 mg/L IBA为生根培养基。