四种微量元素在鲇鱼组织中积累分布规律研究

采用静态染毒法,研究了安全浓度混合的微量元素铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和锰(Mn)在鲇鱼(Silnrus asotus)组织中短期的积累分布规律。结果表明,不同的微量元素在鲇鱼体内不同组织的积累分布不同,Fe和Mn在鲇鱼的肝脏中有极显著积累(P0.01),在肌肉和鳃中的积累并不显著。Cu和Zn的含量暴露期间在鱼体各组织中无明显的积累。不同微量元素在鲇鱼体内的积累分布与不同组织的生理功能密切相关。     

林下珍稀药用植物蛇足石杉繁殖的研究进展

蛇足石杉系石杉科石杉属多年生草本植物,内含石杉碱甲,为乙酰胆碱脂酶的有效抑制剂,是治疗阿尔茨海默病症的特效药。随着世界人口老龄化的加速,蛇足石杉的需求量不断增加,然而蛇足石杉是古老的蕨类植物,其野生资源极其匮乏,而其繁殖却极其困难,为给蛇足石杉快速繁殖体系的研究与建立提供参考依据,文中综述了有关蛇足石杉的组织培养、孢子诱导、扦插繁殖、芽胞繁殖等方面的研究进展,并对其人工快速繁殖研究的新方向进行了展望。     

蓝莓组织培养技术研究进展

本文对近几十年来的蓝莓组织培养技术进行综述,主要介绍了外植体的准备、培养基的选择、增殖及继代培养、生根培养和试管苗的移栽驯化等。     

钻石海棠茎段的组织培养技术研究

为了建立钻石海棠的组织培养快繁体系,以钻石海棠单芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基础培养基进行组织培养研究,结果表明:5月份为单芽茎段外植体获取的最佳时间,此时污染率和死亡率都低,分别为15.3%和9.4%;最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,诱导率为60.7%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,暗培养2周,增殖系数为4.65;生根培养基以1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L较好,平均根长为6.3cm,生根率为97.2%。     

古尔班通古特沙漠2种土壤培育的梭梭幼苗木射线解剖特征

采用盆栽模拟试验,结合使用WinCell木细胞成像系统和光学显微镜技术对在2种土壤类型上培育的梭梭幼苗木射线解剖结构进行观测,探究木射线组织比量的特征。结果表明:梭梭木射线为单列或多列共存,属Kribs异形Ⅰ和异形Ⅱ,所观察到的木射线多为多列射线。沙土木射线平均高度为182.33μm,为砾石射线高度的1.7倍;沙土木射线平均宽度为39.58μm,为砾石木射线宽度的1.1倍;沙土类型的木射线细胞壁厚度为0.65μm,砾石类型的木射线细胞壁厚度为0.31μm,沙土类细胞壁厚度极显著大于砾石类(P0.01);沙土类梭梭平均木射线细胞高度为3.25μm,砾石类梭梭平均木射线细胞高度为2.97μm,二者没有显著差异;沙土类梭梭平均木射线细胞宽度为1.82μm,砾石类梭梭平均木射线细胞宽度为1.65μm,二者没有显著差异;沙土类梭梭平均木射线细胞面积为4.64μm2,砾石梭梭平均木射线细胞面积为3.84μm2,二者没有显著差异;沙土类型梭梭平均木射线比量为5.20%,砾石类型梭梭平均木射线比量为3.93%,二者没有显著差异。梭梭采用不同木射线解剖结构特征来适应不同沙漠土壤结构状况。     

木耳菌糠基农用复合保水剂制备与吸水保水性能研究

用微波辐射加热引发制备了木耳菌糠/聚丙烯酸钾复合高吸材料。采用单因素法研究组分配比变化,微波功率及丙烯酸中和度对材料吸(盐)水性能的影响。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG/DTG),能谱(EDS)对材料进行表征。结果表明,当菌糠、引发剂、交联剂用量分别为丙烯酸的33.3%、1.0%、1.0%,丙烯酸中和度为80%及微波功率为450 W时,该树脂在蒸馏水中的吸水倍率为759g/g,在0.9%NaCl溶液中吸水倍率为78g/g,并且吸水溶胀符合伪二阶溶胀动力学模型。分子结构特征表明木耳菌糠与聚丙烯酸钾实现了共聚反应,具有良好热稳定性能,表面粗糙多孔,富含植物营养元素K及多种微量元素。在离心机转速为6 000r/min,50min条件下,树脂的失水率仅为7.8%。     

Effects of nanosilicon dioxide application on in vitro proliferation of apple rootstock

Although silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the earth's crust and in soils, it is not listed among the essential elements for plants. However, the beneficial role of Si in stimulating the growth and development of many plant species has been recognized. This study investigated the effects of in vitro application of nanosilicon oxide on growth and proliferation of apple rootstock MM₁₀₆ in tissue culture. The experiment included five levels nanosilicon oxide (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L) added to Murashige and Skoog medium. The results showed that using nanosilicon increased in fresh and dry weights, length and number of branches, and chlorophyll in explants with the highest increase being at 100 mg/L. Growth suppression occurred at 200 mg/L. This investigation showed that 100 mg/L silicon oxide can be added to Murashige and Skoog medium for fast growth and proliferation of MM₁₀₆ apple rootstock explants.     

不同光质对金线莲组培苗叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了研究不同光质光强处理对金线莲组培苗生长的影响,采用不同光质LED作为人工光源对漳州金线莲进行继代培养。结果显示：红光处理有利于株高生长,其叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值均较小,其中70 μmol/(m2·s)红光处理时金线莲高度达到6.26 cm,但此时其叶绿素含量a、叶绿素含量b、叶绿素总量、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值仅分别为1.19 mg/g、0.55 mg/g、1.73 mg/g、0.572和1.34;绿光对金线莲各项指标均无促进作用,且不同强度处理之间差异不显著;蓝光处理对金线莲组培苗叶片生长和生物量积累均有促进作用,金线莲叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值相对较高,但会抑制株高生长,其中70 μmol/(m2·s)蓝光处理时金线莲鲜重、干重、干重/鲜重、叶绿素含量a、叶绿素含量b、叶绿素总量、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值分别为1.47 g、0.19 g、0.130、1.83 mg/g、0.71 mg/g、2.54 mg/g、0.801和4.02,但其高度仅为4.56 cm。由此得出,红光有利于植物地上部分生长,但是会造成植株徒长,绿光对植物光合作用影响较小,蓝光对组培苗具有一定的矮化壮苗作用。     

Persistent Contamination of Octopuses and Mussels with Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins during Spring Dinophysis Blooms in a Subtropical Estuary

This study investigates the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and their producing phytoplankton species in southern Brazil, as well as the potential for toxin accumulation in co-occurring mussels (Perna perna) and octopuses (Octopus vulgaris). During the spring in 2012 and 2013, cells of Dinophysis acuminata complex were always present, sometimes at relatively high abundances (max. 1143 cells L⁻¹), likely the main source of okadaic acid (OA) in the plankton (max. 34 ng L⁻¹). Dinophysis caudata occurred at lower cell densities in 2013 when the lipophilic toxins pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and PTX-2 seco acid were detected in plankton and mussel samples. Here, we report for the first time the accumulation of DSTs in octopuses, probably linked to the consumption of contaminated bivalves. Perna perna mussels were consistently contaminated with different DSTs (max. 42 µg kg⁻¹), and all octopuses analyzed (n = 5) accumulated OA in different organs/tissues: digestive glands (DGs) > arms > gills > kidneys > stomach + intestine. Additionally, similar concentrations of 7-O-palmytoyl OA and 7-O-palmytoly dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) were frequently detected in the hepatopancreas of P. perna and DGs of O. vulgaris. Therefore, octopuses can be considered a potential vector of DSTs to both humans and top predators such as marine mammals.     

漆树组织培养中污染与褐变的防治

漆树作为重要的经济树种,可通过植物组织培养扩繁,但在其组织培养过程中会出现严重的污染和褐变。本研究使用制霉菌素、两性霉素B、苯扎氯胺,乙醇和升汞克服污染;使用半胱氨酸,MS和White培养基克服褐变。用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析和Duncan新复极差法多重比较分析,通过统计污染率、褐变率和成活率,得出最佳消毒方法以75%乙醇浸泡1 min,1%苯扎氯胺浸泡 1 min,0.1%升汞浸泡20 min效果最好,污染率为1.15%,并得出最佳防治褐变培养基以添加100 mg/L半胱氨酸的White培养基效果最好,褐变率为1.15%,并将成活率提高到97.63%。试验所建立的漆树高效、稳定的无菌体系,为后期其完整的植物组织培养体系的建立奠定了基础。