N-取代苯并口恶嗪酮类化合物的合成及其生物活性

为寻求具有高生物活性的新农药化合物,以邻氨基苯酚为原料设计合成了N-取代的苯并口恶嗪酮类化合物18个,其化学结构经1H NMR及元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物具有良好的除草活性,如化合物c3、c5、c6、c7和c8在浓度为100mg/L时对苋菜Ambrosia tricolorL inn.的抑制率达90%。     

Marine-Derived Xanthone from 2010 to 2021: Isolation,Bioactivities and Total Synthesis

Marine life has proved to be an invaluable source of new compounds with significant bioactivities, such as xanthones. This review summarizes the advances made in the study of marine-derived xanthones from 2010 to 2021, from isolation towards synthesis, highlighting their biological activities. Most of these compounds were isolated from marine-derived fungi, found in marine sediments, and associated with other aquatic organisms (sponge and jellyfish). Once isolated, xanthones have been assessed for different bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. In the latter case, promising results have been demonstrated. Considering the significant bioactivities showed by xanthones, efforts have been made to synthesize these compounds, like yicathins B and C and the secalonic acid D, through total synthesis.     

Marine Cyclic Peptides: Antimicrobial Activity and Synthetic Strategies

Oceans are a rich source of structurally unique bioactive compounds from the perspective of potential therapeutic agents. Marine peptides are a particularly interesting group of secondary metabolites because of their chemistry and wide range of biological activities. Among them, cyclic peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, including against bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Moreover, there are several examples of marine cyclic peptides revealing interesting antimicrobial activities against numerous drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, making these compounds a very promising resource in the search for novel antimicrobial agents to revert multidrug-resistance. This review summarizes 174 marine cyclic peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral properties. These natural products were categorized according to their sources—sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, crabs, marine bacteria, and fungi—and chemical structure—cyclic peptides and depsipeptides. The antimicrobial activities, including against drug-resistant microorganisms, unusual structural characteristics, and hits more advanced in (pre)clinical studies, are highlighted. Nocathiacins I–III (91–93), unnarmicins A (114) and C (115), sclerotides A (160) and B (161), and plitidepsin (174) can be highlighted considering not only their high antimicrobial potency in vitro, but also for their promising in vivo results. Marine cyclic peptides are also interesting models for molecular modifications and/or total synthesis to obtain more potent compounds, with improved properties and in higher quantity. Solid-phase Fmoc- and Boc-protection chemistry is the major synthetic strategy to obtain marine cyclic peptides with antimicrobial properties, and key examples are presented guiding microbiologist and medicinal chemists to the discovery of new antimicrobial drug candidates from marine sources.     

加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪物理性质和微观结构的影响

加工参数是影响涂抹型再制干酪物性和微观结构的重要因素.通过测定样品的质构性质、融化性、表观黏度和结合微观结构观察,确定加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪的影响.结果表明:剪切速率、加工温度和时间对样品质构指标和融化距离影响显著(P<0.05),剪切速率由800 r/min升高到1400 r/min的过程中,硬度、涂抹功和黏着性没...     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

基于地质统计学影像纹理的石河子地区化控期棉花长势监测

化学调控是棉花生长期间的一个重要环节,在较大区域尺度上,化控常常整齐划一,依固定的量而行,忽视其普遍存在的空间差异,结果导致某些棉田投入过量或投入不足,在精细农业所倡导的基于特定场的农业投入这一框架下,为辅助决策者制定有针对性的棉田化控方案,该文提出了应用地质统计学影像纹理进行对化控棉花长势监测,通过借助地质统计学方法在分析空间结构变化上的优势,强化遥感影像上不同长势棉田间的差别,提高样本选择的分离度和长势空间分类精度。实验结果表明,运用变异函数纹理结合光谱波段的最大似然分类方法能够很好地界定棉花长势的不同类型,总分类精度达90.53%,证明了应用地质统计学影像纹理方法在针对化控的棉花长势监测上的有效性。     

氩弧熔覆原位合成Ni基耐磨层在犁铧上的应用

利用氩弧熔覆技术,在廉价的碳钢表面原位合成了TiC/Ni基复合材料涂层。结果表明,熔覆层成形良好,与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;熔覆层的组织为γ-Ni奥氏体枝晶、CrB、TiB₂、M₂₃C₆及原位合成的弥散分布于熔覆层中的球状TiC陶瓷颗粒。熔覆层显微硬度高达HV_0.21000,且呈梯度分布。磨损试验表明,熔覆层具有较好的耐磨性。模拟田间试验表明,熔覆层可用于农机耐磨件的制造与再制造并具有较好的经济效益。     

脂肪含量对再制片状干酪品质的影响

研究不同脂肪含量和脂肪替代物对再制片状干酪品质的影响。对5 种不同脂肪含量再制片状干酪的基本理化指标、色泽、质构和感官品质进行测定和评估。结果表明：5 种不同脂肪含量的再制片状干酪pH值、蛋白质和脂肪含量存在显著性差异,酶解浓缩黄油的添加对再制片状干酪亮度值、红度值和黄度值均有明显影响;用酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪全质构特性与其他组样品有差异,酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油制备的4号减脂干酪全质构特性除凝聚性、回复性外,与1～3号干酪无显著差异;通过感官评定发现,酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪（5号）感官评分最低,酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油的减脂50%干酪（4号）风味和滋味有所增强,总体得分与全脂干酪产品无显著差异。因此通过降低黄油含量,并添加酶解浓缩黄油可提升减脂再制片状干酪的品质。     

干酪的感官特性与仪器测量特性的现状与进展

本文主要介绍了干酪质构评价的感官方法和仪器方法及其相应的参数。同时阐述了进行仪器测量参数与感官评价参数之间相关性研究的必要性,在此基础上,综述了这两方法参数之间相关性研究的现状与进展。     

基于形态谱和形状特征的平面四杆机构设计方法

连杆轨迹曲线与连杆机构参量之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,用具有旋转、缩放、平移不变特性的形状谱和几何参数作为联合特征,描述了连杆轨迹曲线的结构形态特征和整体形状特征,并构建曲线形态的识别、比较方法,实现了连杆轨迹曲线描述最小的数据冗余;利用人工神经网络拟合了连杆轨迹曲线与连杆机构之间的非线性关系,获取与预期轨迹最为吻合的连杆曲线参数,实现了机构的快速综合设计.以512幅连杆曲线图像为学习库,64幅图像为工程测试样本的实验数据说明了本文方法的可行性,并分析了误差产生的原因.