CRISPR/Cas9技术发展及其应用进展

概括了CRISPR/Cas9系统的结构及作用原理,分析了该系统的不足,重点阐述了该技术在林木基因组编辑中的应用,并对CRISPR/Cas9系统的未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

Rind puncture resistance in maize: inheritance and relationship with resistance to pink stem borer attack

The main pest of maize in north‐western Spain is the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, and stem lodging is one of the consequences of attack. Since rind puncture resistance is related to stem lodging resistance, the objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of rind puncture resistance and to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficients between rind puncture resistance and pink stem borer damage. Six generations from the crosses ‘CM109’בEP31’ and ‘CM109’בEP42’ and a 10‐inbred line diallel were evaluated in Pontevedra, Spain, in 1995 and 1996. The inheritance of rind puncture resistance had two significant components, one additive and one dominant. Non‐allelic and genotype × environment interactions were not significant. Improvement for internode rind puncture resistance to increase stem strength and stalk lodging resistance could have some positive influence on resistance to pink stem borer. However, its use as an estimator of pink stem borer resistance cannot be generalized and so must be restricted to programmes that involve materials exhibiting physical resistance to pink stem borer attack.     

西北特色青海地区的农业种植

作为我国西北部的青海省,它地处于青藏高原,具有地域辽阔,地势高峻,地形复杂以及地貌多样的特点。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF EQUINE SOLAR PENETRATION WOUNDS

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, signalment, clinical history and outcome of 55 horses with a penetrating sole injury were evaluated. Our aim was to describe MR imaging findings within the hoof capsule, assess the utility of the technique and give recommendations for the optimal MR imaging protocol to evaluate such injuries. Data from five equine hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. The tract was more likely to be visualized in animals scanned within the first week postinjury. There was no significant predisposition based on breed, age, or gender. T2*W transverse sequences were the most useful for assessment of solar penetrations due to their orientation perpendicular to the deep digital flexor tendon, the reduced scanning time, and the T2* capability of enhancing magnetic susceptibility caused by hemorrhage.     

社会工作介入农村反贫困问题研究

社会工作在介入农村反贫困问题中具有着一定的专业优势,能够运用社会工作的价值 理念、原则以及专业的工作方法解决农村反贫困问题,在打赢脱贫攻坚战中发挥着举足轻重的 作用。目前国内相关研究主要集中在理论和实务领域,理论研究主要集中在运用增权赋能和优 势视角,为农村反贫困问题提供理论上的指导,通过内力和外力推动模式,发挥农村贫困群体的 优势,提升其脱贫的主动自觉性,从而解决贫困问题。     

基于广泛靶向代谢组学的武穴野生山药及其零余子代谢物差异分析

为揭示武穴野生山药及其零余子中代谢物的种类与相对含量差异,利用LC-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学的方法对采集自湖北省武穴市野生山药的山药肉、山药皮和零余子中代谢物成分进行检测,并结合多元统计分析和单变量统计分析筛选零余子与山药肉间、山药皮与山药肉间的差异代谢物.结果表明:武穴野生山药及其零余子中共检测到385种代谢物;在...     

基于雾化粒径调控的猕猴桃花粉粒靶向沉积量研究

【目的】研究猕猴桃授粉雾化粒径对花粉粒沉积分布的影响,探寻授粉适宜的雾化粒径范围,为建立猕猴桃液体授粉方法提供理论支持。【方法】构建双流式喷雾试验平台,在雾化气压为0.025～0.150 MPa、花粉液流量为0.125 L/min、喷雾时长为0.1 s、喷雾距离为350 mm的喷雾控制参数下进行试验。采用自制雾滴收集器,用称质量法测定单次喷射体积,分析雾化气压对单次喷射体积的影响;用激光粒度仪测量雾化粒径值,建立雾化气压与雾化粒径的关系;用雾滴环形采集片代替花朵采集花粉悬浊液雾滴,通过显微镜分区计数法,明确花粉粒沉积数量在花蕊区和花瓣区的沉积特征;以充分授粉需求花粉粒数为判断标准,确定适宜双流式雾化授粉的花粉液雾化粒径控制范围。【结果】猕猴桃花粉液单次喷射体积与单次喷出的花粉粒数均随雾化气压的增大而减小,当雾化气压为0.150 MPa时,花粉液单次喷出体积最小,为185.9μL,单次喷出花粉粒数也最小,为15.7万粒;雾化粒径与雾化气压呈非线性负相关关系,雾化气压为0.025～0.150 MPa时对应的雾化粒径为92.8～28.2μm;花蕊区和花瓣区花粉液雾滴沉积质量都随雾化粒径的增加...     

Synthesis of Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Modified Chitosan 5-Fluorouracil Nanoparticles and Its Inhibition of Liver Cancer Characteristics in Vitro and in Vivo

Nanoparticle drug delivery (NDDS) is a novel system in which the drugs are delivered to the site of action by small particles in the nanometer range. Natural or synthetic polymers are used as vectors in NDDS, as they provide targeted, sustained release and biodegradability. Here, we used the chitosan and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). The synthetic product was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). By combining GA-CTS and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), we obtained a GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle, with a particle size of 217.2 nm, a drug loading of 1.56% and a polydispersity index of 0.003. The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady and slow release. We demonstrated that the nanoparticle accumulated in the liver. In vitro data indicated that it had a dose- and time-dependent anti-cancer effect. The effective drug exposure time against hepatic cancer cells was increased in comparison with that observed with 5-FU. Additionally, GA-CTS/5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of drug-resistant hepatoma, which may compensate for the drug-resistance of 5-FU. In vivo studies on an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model demonstrated that GA-CTS/5-FU significantly inhibited tumor growth, resulting in increased survival time.     

冷藏过程中原料乳脂质代谢变化的靶向脂质组学分析

为探究原料乳在4 ℃冷藏过程中的脂质变化,从而指导乳及乳制品的后期加工,该研究采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱技术分别对冷藏第0、2、3、4、6天的原料乳脂质进行绝对定性定量分析。结果表明,原料乳共检出20种脂质亚类、880种脂质分子,其中甘油三脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱亚类含量最高;以P值 <0.05,变量重要性投影（variable importance projection,VIP）>1为标准共筛选出420种显著性差异脂质代谢物,以P值 <0.01,VIP >1为标准共筛选出98种极显著性差异脂质代谢物。整个冷藏过程中,极显著性差异脂质分子含量呈下降趋势,其中第3天与第4天对比组（D3 vs D4）脂质变化最为明显,冷藏3～4 d是原料乳脂质变化的关键阶段。对D3 vs D4组的极显著差异脂质进行京都基因与基因组百科全书（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路分析,10种脂质分子被注释到6条代谢途径中,其中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰基丝氨酸被注释到甘油磷脂代谢及神经酰胺、鞘磷脂被注释到鞘脂代谢是该阶段的主要代谢途径。研究结果为探明原料乳冷藏过程中的脂质变化、划定脂肪水解的关键期提供理论依据,进而为后期乳制品的加工提供数据参考。