卵磷脂桶混助剂的特性及其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用

为明确新型卵磷脂类桶混助剂“融透”的特性,采用透射电镜和激光粒度分析仪表征了其物理性质,并通过室内生物测定和田间药效试验测定了其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用。结果表明,“融透”中含有圆形脂质体,Z平均粒径为129.5 nm。室内生物测定结果表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的毒力增加1.67倍。田间药效试验表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对稻飞虱的防效提高9.04%~41.77%;当氟啶虫胺腈减量40%时,添加“融透”的处理对稻飞虱的防效与未添加“融透”的常量组相当。研究结果表明,卵磷脂桶混助剂“融透”可以通过形成脂质体提高药剂的利用率,从而达到增效的作用。     

氮气气调储油实罐试验

油脂劣变的主要过程是油脂氧化酸败,引起酸败的主要途径是油脂的自然氧化,因此控制储藏期间油罐中的含氧量是有效阻止油脂氧化酸败的重要方法。基于上述原理,通过向油脂储罐内注入高纯度氮气,从而达到防止油脂自然氧化的目的。为了试验过程中油罐的安全,采用外置气囊的方式维持油罐内外压力的平衡,以便及时消除因昼夜温差导致的胀罐或压罐。通过试验验证了气调储油试验方案的可行性和易操作性,达到了抑制油品酸败的目的。     

浅圆仓膜下氮气气调膜上控温储粮试验

通过改造浅圆仓测温电缆,实现了浅圆仓膜下充氮气调和膜上中央空调控温,提高了卸粮口、大门口、通风口等死角的害虫致死率。将浅圆仓氮气气调杀虫与控温储粮相结合,实现了储粮安全度夏。     

水平潜流人工湿地对化粪池污水的净化效果

就不同季节条件下水力停留时间分别为1、3和5d时,水平潜流人工湿地系统对化粪池污水的净化效果进行了研究．结果表明,在同一季节,随着水力停留时间的延长,该系统对COD、TP、TN等3个指标的去除率明显提高,3d去除率明显高于1d,系统在水力停留时间5d时对COD、TP、TN的去除效果虽比3d有所提高,但增幅不明显．在夏、秋、冬3个季节,系统对COD的去除率分别达到43．48％～83．33％、53．52％～86．32％和33．33％～63．77％,对TP的去除率分别达到33．28％-66．9％、22．14％～55．85％和12．69％～42．71％,但对TN的去除效果较差,平均去除率只有19．09％．     

白腐真菌发酵罐液态发酵产漆酶条件的优化

通过在发酵罐中液体发酵产漆酶,在发酵罐中筛选黄孢原毛平革菌液体发酵产漆酶的最佳条件.试验选取已优化的白腐真菌液态发酵培养基进行培养,在发酵罐中进行单因素和多因素正交试验,对其在发酵罐中发酵产酶条件进行优化.选取的白腐真菌黄孢子原毛平革菌的最佳发酵生产条件为:温度28℃、转速300r/min、通气量5L/min(通气比1.0vvm)、pH值5、接种量为15%.在此条件下最高产酶水平可达14.86U/mL.     

卧式储油罐变位与罐容表标定的问题

将储油罐变位分解为横向移位和纵向倾斜,并设横向偏转角度β,纵向倾斜角度α,根据几何关系研究了卧式储油罐的变位识别。横向移位分析包括油平面高于、低于、处于中层面3种情况;将储油罐分为两侧球冠体和中间圆柱体两部分进行纵向倾斜分析,圆柱体部分针对右侧油面是否接触圆柱体侧壁分为5种情况进行讨论,而球冠体部分分别将两侧球冠体分为左上、左下和右上、右下两部分进行讨论,并建立了储油罐储油量与罐位高度对应关系的微积分数学模型。结合实测数据,利用最小二乘法确定了实际情况下的α和β值,给出了相应罐位高度的罐容表标定值,验证分析了模型的正确性和可靠性。     

LNG储罐优化数学模型及其应用

在LNG系统中,LNG储罐设施所占的投资比例较大,为节省投资,基于压力和蒸发率的关系对LNG储罐进行优化。相对于LNG单容罐,全容罐在经济和安全方面的优势更明显。介绍了LNG全容罐保温系统的组成和优化原理,提出通过调整保温层厚度代替储罐的增压系统进行罐内压力调节并达到高压储存的目的,在储罐安全的条件下,利用BOG压缩机对蒸发气进行再冷凝,实现LNG的循环利用。基于此,建立了LNG储罐优化数学模型,并利用VC＋＋语言编写计算程序对其求解,算例分析结果表明：该模型可行且适用于LNG系统的优化。     

储罐钢08MnNiVR在海水和淡水中的耐蚀性比较

海水代替淡水进行水压试验是节省水压试验时间和淡水成本的有效方法.08MnNiVR是我国新研制的重要的大型储罐用钢,但08MnNiVR储罐进行海水水压试验的可行性尚未得到验证.采用电化学实验、浸泡实验和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了储罐钢08MnNiVR在海水和淡水中的耐腐蚀性能,重点比较其在海水和淡水中腐蚀性能的差异,为08MnNiVR储罐进行海水水压试验提供实验基础和数据支持.结果表明:在海水和淡水中,08MnNiVR的自腐蚀电流差别不大,自腐蚀电位变化趋势基本一致,腐蚀率接近,应力腐蚀敏感性都很低,说明储罐钢08MnNiVR在海水和淡水中耐蚀性能接近,进行海水水压试验已具备实验基础.     

中国水肥一体化施肥设备研究现状与发展趋势

为了促进中国水肥一体化施肥设备的研究开发及推广应用,总结分析了中国水肥一体化施肥设备科研、生产及实际应用中存在的问题,概述了施肥设备的发展现状,重点阐述分析了文丘里施肥器、压差施肥罐、比例施肥泵、柱塞泵及固体肥料溶解施肥装置等常用施肥设备的技术特点、研究进展和存在问题等.在此基础上,基于绿色农业发展理念和农业物联网的发...     

Survey of large circular and octagonal tanks operated at Norwegian commercial smolt and post-smolt sites

A survey was conducted to determine the geometry, operating parameters, and other key features of large circular or octagonal culture tanks used to produce Atlantic salmon smolt and post-smolt at six major Norwegian Atlantic salmon production companies. A total of 55 large tanks were reported at seven land-based hatchery locations, i.e., averaging 7.9 (range of 4–12) large tanks per land-based site. In addition, one 21,000 m³ floating fiberglass tank in sea was reported. Culture volume ranged from 500 to 1300 m³ for each land-based tank. Most tanks were circular, but one site used octagonal tanks. Land-based tank diameters ranged from 14.5 to 20 m diameter, whereas the floating tank was 40 m diameter. Maximum tank depths ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 m at land-based facilities, which produced diameter-to-average-depth ratios of 3.6:1 to 5.5:1 m:m. The floating tank was much deeper at 20 m, with a diameter-to-average-depth ratio of only 2.4:1 m:m. All land-based tanks had floors sloping at 4.0–6.5% toward the tank center and various pipe configurations that penetrated the culture tank water volume at tank center. These pipes and sloping floors were used to reduce labor when removing dead fish and harvesting fish.Maximum flow ranged from 3 to 19 m³/min per land-based tank, with 400 m³/min at the floating tank, but tank flow was adjustable at most facilities. Land-based tanks were flushed at a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 35–170 min. Maximum feed load on each land-based tank ranged from 525 to 850 kg/day, but the floating tank reached 3700 kg/day. Almost half of the large tanks reported in this survey were installed or renovated since 2013, including the three tank systems with the highest flow rate per tank (greater than 17.6 m³/min). These more recent tanks were operated at more rapid tank HRT’s, i.e., from 34.8 to 52.5 min, than the 67–170 min HRT typical of the large tanks built before 2013. In addition, flow per unit of feed load in land-based tanks that began operating before 2010 were lower (19–30 m³ flow/kg feed) than in tanks that began operating later (33–40 m³ flow/kg feed). In comparison, the floating tank operates at a maximum daily tank flow to feed load of 160 m³ flow/kg feed, which is the least intensive of all tanks surveyed. Survey results suggest that the recently built tanks have been designed to operate at a reduced metabolic loading per unit of flow, a tendency that would improve water quality throughout the culture tank, all else equal. This trend is possible due to the ever increasing application of water recirculating systems.