“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析

利用一对特异性引物DABF和DABR,分别从21尾感病和16尾抗病“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤的cDNA中,扩增出长度为624 bp的MHC-DAB基因片段。共测序185个有效克隆,获得76个不同的核苷酸序列。MHC-DAB基因片段包括第1~4外显子,分别编码信号肽、β1和β2结构域及跨膜区。长度为276 bp的β1结构域有144个核苷酸变异位点(52.17%)和70个氨基酸变异位点(76.07%),而长度为282 bp的β2结构域只有98个核苷酸变异位点(34.75%)和50个氨基酸变异位点(53.19%),显示β1结构域的变异要明显大于β2结构域。在β1结构域的24个抗原结合位点(PBR)上,有23个发生了变异。β1结构域的PBR、非抗原结合位点(non-PBR)及β2结构域的ω值(ω=d_N/d_S)分别为1.367、0.886和0.754,表明“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因(特别是β1结构域)在进化过程中受到正向选择作用。在所得的20个不同的等位基因中,基因DAB3*15在抗病群体中出现的频率(13.75%)显著高于感病群体中出现的频率(3.81%)(P<0.05);基因DAB3*09和DAB3*10的出现频率都为3.75%(P<0.05),仅存在于抗病群体中;而基因DAB3*02和DAB3*14的出现频率分别为7.62%(P<0.05)和8.57%(P<0.01),仅存在于感病群体中。     

牛呼吸疾病综合征及其防治

牛呼吸疾病综合征是严重危害国内外肉牛养殖业的一种重要传染病,该病的致病因素复杂,包括支原体、病毒和细菌等特异性病原以及运输应激等多种因素。美国等发达国家对该病的攻关研究开始于上世纪80年代初,其研究和临床防控均已达到较高水平,但仍认为该病将是未来10～20年养牛业所面临的主要疾病。我国对该病的认识和研究尚处于起步阶段,借鉴世界上发达国家的先进经验将有助于提升我国对该病的防控水平。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of pig CD81

CD81, also known as TAPA-1 (target of antiproliferative antibody 1), is a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins and a component of the B cell co-receptor complex. Several studies have shown that CD81 plays significant roles in a variety of immune responses, including activation of B cells and T cells. In this study, we cloned pig Cd81 cDNA using RT-PCR coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR and determined the complete cDNA sequence of pig Cd81. Pig Cd81 cDNA contains an open reading frame (711 bp) encoding 236 amino acids. The identity of pig CD81 with those of human, cattle, rat, and mouse are 90.30%, 92.26%, 86.22%, and 86.22%, respectively. Alignment of the CD81 amino acid sequence with those of mammalian species showed that the large extracellular loop (LEL) is the most divergent, whereas other domains are largely conserved. Pig Cd81 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in a broad range of tissues, including lymphoid tissues as well as nonlymphoid tissues, indicated variety of cellular functions of CD81 in most pig tissues. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that human CD81 antibody recognizes a pig CD81 on the cell surface. Further, immunohistochemistry analysis using human CD81 antibody on pig spleen was revealed that CD81 expression is widely diffused in spleen tissue. Future study will be focused on defining the functional role of CD81 during the course of pig infectious diseases.     

花椒树下苜蓿、百脉根和白三叶的光合生理生态特性研究

为科学指导林草复合中对林下间作牧草的选择,运用美国LI-COR公司制造的LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,研究了白三叶Tritolium repens、苜蓿Medicago sativa和百脉根Lotus corniculatus在林草间作时的光合生理生态特性,探讨三者在林下间作的生态适应性.结果表明:白三叶、苜蓿和百脉根净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化均为双峰曲线,2个峰值分别出现在11:00和15:00左右.3种植物的Pn与Gs都具有显著相关关系,且叶片温度(Tl)与蒸腾速率(Tr)呈极显著正相关关系.     

洋葱伯克氏菌群不同基因型菌株对几种重要植物病原真菌的抑制作用及其潜在致病性

从玉米和水稻根围分离到70株不同基因型的洋葱伯克氏菌,对这些菌株进行了拮抗植物病原菌的筛选,并对高拮抗菌株进行了潜在致病性和安全性分析。结果表明,有46株洋葱伯克氏菌对一种或多种病菌有较高的拮抗活性。在不同的洋葱伯克氏菌基因型内,以基因型Ⅴ内拮抗菌株占的比例最高,对所测5种病原真菌的平均拮抗菌株比率为80．0％,其中部分菌株表现出很强的拮抗活性。筛选出的4株高拮抗菌株对洋葱不具有致病性,同时也未检测到与人体致病相关的BCESM毒力基因。     

Protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing MHCⅡ expression

AIM: To investigate whether the protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism is achieved through down-regulating major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) in the adipose tissue. METHODS: Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6(WT) mice were fed with high-fat diet and standard diet for 24 weeks, respectively. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic histology, and class Ⅱ trans-activator (CⅡTA), histocompatibility 2 class Ⅱ antigen E beta (H2-Eb1) and cluster of differentiation 74(CD74) mRNA and MHC Ⅱ protein levels in adipose tissue were measured at sacrifice. siRNA targeting MHC Ⅱ and overexpression vector was used in 3T3-L1 cells to explore the effect of adiponectin on the protein level of MHCⅡ. RESULTS: The levels of body weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic steatosis, CⅡTA, H2-Eb1 and CD74 mRNA expression, and MHCⅡ protein expression in the KO mice were higher than those in the WT mice that fed with high-fat diet or standard diet. In 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of adiponectin reversed MHC Ⅱ protein level induced by specific siRNA. The expression of MHC Ⅱ in adipocytes decreased after adiponectin was overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin improves glucose and lipid metabolism through suppressing the expression of MHCⅡ in the adipose tissue.     

氮素形态对小麦幼苗叶绿体色素蛋白复合体含量及希尔反应活性的影响

采用水培方法研究了不同氮素形态对小麦幼苗叶绿体色素、色素蛋白复合体及希尔反应活性的影响.结果表明,50%硝态氮 50%铵态氮处理时,电泳条带中31～43kD范围内的多肽组分及高分量区属于PSⅠ的多肽组分含量最高,两种氮素形态单独施用时最低;叶片的光吸收能力、叶绿素含量及叶绿体蛋白含量均在氮素形态配比相等时达到最大,两种氮素形态单独施用时最低;希尔反应活性则随着铵态氮比例降低而降低.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium mangiferae</Emphasis> associated with mango malformation in the Sultanate of Oman

Mango malformation, caused by Fusarium mangiferae, represents the most important floral disease of mango. The first symptoms of this disease were noticed in the beginning of 2005 in plantations at Sohar in the Sultanate of Oman. The affected inflorescences were abnormally enlarged and branched with heavy and dried-out panicles. Based on morphology and DNA-sequence data for the genes encoding translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin, the pathogen associated with these symptoms was identified as F. mangiferae.     

七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究

应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。